GAMOPETAL^ 317 



denote the berry. The name Cowberry may be due 

 to an assumption that the generic name was derived 

 from vaccay a cow. The second name means Vine of 

 Mount Ida. 



Cowberry or Red Whortleberry is found in all parts 

 of the British Isles from Devon, South Wales, and 

 Warwick to the Shetlands. It is unknown in South- 

 East England. In the Highlands it ascends to over 

 3300 ft. in the Arctic Alpine zone. 



A plant of mountainous districts found in open 

 woods and mountain heaths, dry rocky moors. Red 

 Whortleberry is an upland plant. 



It is found on the upland heaths of North East 

 Yorkshire, on steep slopes on Calhina heath, as in 

 Perthshire, in Scottish pinewoods on sandy soil. 



On siliceous soils it is found in dry oakwoods with 

 the sessile oak in open situations where the humus 

 is of an acid, not raw character (as in dry woods). 

 It is a member of the Bilberry moor association on 

 the upland moors of the Pennines, and on heather 

 moorland, in closed moorland associations made up 

 of Whortleberry and Ling in the arctic alpine zone, 

 where mountain-top detritus accumulates on elevated 

 moorland. 



Red Whortleberry is an undershrub in habit. The 

 stems are smooth, woody, wiry, wavy, prostrate, then 

 ascending, branched, the branches downy, naked 

 below, ascending or trailing. 



The leaves are evergreen, inversely ovate, or oblong, 

 in two ranks, glossy, deep green above, pale and 



