244 



The Journal of Heredity 



and become naturalized. Yet all this 

 propagation has been exclusively 

 through the division and separation 

 of the fleshy roots and rhizomes and 

 never by seed reproduction. 



In assembling day lilies for experi- 

 mental study at The New York Bot- 

 anical Garden, plants of the fulva type 

 have been obtained from various wide- 

 ly separated points in Europe and 

 America. These plants have all been 

 identical in ever}- character. They have 

 all failed to set capsules to self-pol- 

 linations and for some of the plants 

 such pollinations have been made in 

 large numbers each year over a period 

 of ten years. The flowers are perfect 

 with a pistil and stamens present and 

 apparently fully developed in each. 

 Pollen is produced in abundance and 

 in artificial culture it germinates well. 

 But every plant of the fulva type has 

 been completely self-incompatible. 



All pollinations between plants of 

 the fulva type have likewise failed to 

 yield a single capsule. All the plants 

 of the entire population of the fulva 

 type are inter-sterile. 



The facts noted above lead to the 

 obvious conclusion that all the many 

 plants of the orange day lily are 

 merely parts of one original seedling. 

 They constitute a clonal variety in dis- 

 tinction to species and varieties propa- 

 gated by seeds and breeding true under 

 such propagation. The clonal variety 

 is, of course, very frequent among 

 horticultural plants. It originates as a 

 single needling or bud variant which is 

 ever afterward propagated vegeta- 

 tively. When the original seedling is 

 completely self-fruitless from any type 

 of inherent sterility the many plants 

 of the entire don are inter-sterile for 

 tin- simple reason that pollination be- 

 tween plants is the same as pollina- 

 tion from flower to flower on a single 

 plant. The condition of complete ster- 

 ility within a clon is common among 

 horticultural plants when there is ster- 

 ility either from intersexes or from 

 self-inci »mpa1 ibilitv. 



All the various named horticultural 

 varieties "t Hemerocallis are clonal va- 



rieties. Many of them are as fully 

 self- fruitless as is the fulva. Nearly 

 all of them, or perhaps all of them, 

 are of hybrid origin and can hardly 

 be expected to breed true to seed in 

 case they do produce seed to selling. 



There seems to be some uncer- 

 tainty as to the extent to which the 

 true fulva is in cultivation in Japan and 

 China and also as to whether it is to 

 be found there in a really wild condi- 

 tion. The writer has received living 

 plants of Hemerocallis from Professor 

 Albert X. Steward of the University 

 of Nanking, China and from Pro- 

 fessor T. Susa and Professor Y. Ho- 

 shino of the Hokkaido Imperial Uni- 

 versity, Sapporo, Japan. These plants 

 were all sent as fulva but they are ob- 

 viously different than the true fulva 

 and they differ among themselves. 



It is to be noted that many plants 

 grown from seeds obtained from China 

 and that living plants obtained from 

 China have very generally been found 

 to differ from the fulva of long culti- 

 vation and have been given such varie- 

 tal names as maculata, Hupehensis and 

 Cypriani or have been called a distinct 

 species (H. Forrestii). Probably all 

 these forms should be included with 

 fulva in a single species that is merely 

 variable in nature. At least one of 

 these varieties, the maculata, has yield- 

 ed seed rather freelv and has been used 

 by Willy Miiller of Naples, Italy, in 

 crosses with H. citrina. 



Eighteen of the plants received from 

 Japan and China have bloomed. All 

 but two appear to be self -incompatible 

 hut they produce capsules and seeds 

 to certain cross-pollinations which is 

 a behavior characteristic of the seed- 

 lings of many species having this type 

 of sterility. 



Fulva as a Seed Parent in Crosses 



But the plants of the fulva clou have 

 also been decidedly unfruitful in nn^- 

 pollination with other types of day 

 lilies. | ; or many years //. fulva and //. 

 flava have been widely grown together 

 in rardens yet there seems to he no 



