STATE GEOLOGIST. 79 



county (common), and In the Red river valley to Grand Forks, Upham, and Saint Vin- 

 eent, Scott, Havard. "A new weed that is steadily gaining ground, traveling eastward 

 and possibly southward. It is a candidate for the same situations the large ragweed 

 prefers— the edges of fields, and along roadsides and streets, but especially about barns. 

 If circumstances are unfavorable, It can blossom when only a few inches high, while 

 under more fortunate conditions it reaches much above one's head. It closely resem- 

 bles cocklebur when young, but as it grows larger has more the appearance of the com- 

 mon sunflower, with flowers, however, after the pattern of the ragweed." Arthur. 



AMBROSIA, Tourn. Ragweed. 



A.trifida,L. Great Ragweed. 



Abundance and range nearly like the last ; a similarly vile weed. 



A. triftda, L., var. iiitegrifolia, Torr. & Grdy. Smaller Ragweed. 

 Hennepin county, Herrick; Blue Earth county, Leiberg. 



A. artemisioefolia, L. Roman Wormwood. Hog-weed. Bitter-weed. 

 Common or frequent, through the south half of the state; extending northwesterly 

 to Pembina in the Red river valley, Havard, and to the Saskaichewan river. 



A. psilostacliya, DC. Western Ragweed. ^ 



Frequent through the south half of the state ; common in the Red river valley ; 

 also found at the lake of the Woods, Dawson. 



XANTHIUM, Tourn. Cocklebur. Clotbur. 



X. Caiiaclense, Mill. (X. strumarium, in Manual.) Common Cocklebur. 

 Frequent, or common, through the south half of the state ; extending north to the 

 northwest side of Mille Lacs (common), and the Red river valley ; found at the lake of 

 the Woods, Dawson. (A variety of this species, having no pubescence between the 

 prickles of the fruit, is common, occurring in company with the ordinary type, in Blue 

 Earth county and along the Minnesota river. Leiberg.^ 



X. Caiiaclense, Mill., var. ecbinatuiii, Gray. Cocklebur. 



Banks of Spirit lake, and head-waters of Little Sioux river, Oeyer; banks of the 

 Red river (abundant^, Dawson, Scott; and on the shore of lake Superior. 



HELIOPSIS, Pers. Ox-eye. False Sunflower. 



H. lievis, Pers. Ox-eye. False Sunflower. 



North of lake Superior (common), Juni, Roberts-^ upper Mississippi river, Garrison; 

 Pembina, Chichering. Perhaps these references should be placed instead under the 

 following species, which certainly is the prevailing representative of the genus in this 

 state. 



H. scabra, Dunal.* (H. Ia3vis, Pers., var. scabra, Torr. & Gray.) Ox-eye. 

 False Sunflower. 

 Red river prairie, Dawson, Scott, Havard; Todd county, also iVJinneapolis and Steele 

 county (common), Up/iam; Stearns county. Garrison, • Anoka county and New Ulm, 

 Juni; Martin county and Emmet county, Iowa (abundant), Cratty; Blue Eaith county, 

 Gedge 



* Heliopsis scabka, Dun^l. Hispidulous-scabious, especially the leaves, ^o 4 

 feet high : leaves from broadly ovate and subcordate to ovate-lanceolate, the upper 

 occasionally entire : rajs oblong, nearly or quite an inch in length : akenes smooth, 

 but the angles above pubescent when young, tlie summit usually bearing an obscure or 

 evident and irregular coroniform chatty pappus, or sometimes 2 or 3 coujpicuous and 

 rigid teeth ! Otherwise as the fjregoing, into which it may pass. Gray's Synoptical 

 Flora of N. A. 



