126 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 



least to Winona and Stockton, and west (rare) into Fillmore, Mower and Freeborn 

 counties, to Moscow, Winchell; near Weaver and Kellogg, Wabasha county, and near 

 Chatfleld, on the south line of Olmsted county, W. D. Hurllmt. Southeast. "Timber 

 very valuable, used wherever great durability, strength and elasticity are required." 



C porcina,-Nutt. Pig-nut or Ikootu Hickory. 



Lapham. Southeastward, extending north to Snake river, Cl<irh; near lake Pepin 

 on the Wisconsin side, Mrs. Ray. 



C. amara, Nutt. Bitter-nut or Swamp Hickory. 



Common, or frequent, southward ; extending throug'd the Big Woods, and north to 

 Milie Lacs, and sparingly to the upper Mississippi river, and to Whiteface river, 

 tributary to the St. Louis river. This species furnishes nearly all the hoop-poles for 

 flour- barrels cut in the southern and central portions of the state. 



CUPULIFERiE. Oak Family. 



QUERCUS, L. Oak. 



Q. alba, L White-Oak. 



Fiequent, or common, in the southeast and central parts of the state ; extending 

 north to Fond du Lac, Clark, Savannah river, and Squagemaw lake, Winchell, and to 

 Pokegema falls, Pemidji lake (plentiful in many places on the upper Mississippi river), 

 and the White Earth reservation, Garrison. "Strong, durable, and beautiful timber." 



Q. stellata,WaDf:. (Q. obtusiloba, Michx.) Post-Oak. Rougli or Box 

 White-Oak. 

 Upper Mississippi river, Houghton. Infrequent. 



Q. niacrocarpa, Michx. Bur-Oak. Over-cup or Mossy-cup White-Oak. 

 Common, or abundant, throughout the state, excepting far northeastward. Its 

 northeastern limit norih of lake Superior, according to Bell, is near the international 

 boundary but he states that it attains a good size on the Rainy river and thence 

 westward. ("In going west, this species is first met with at the east end of Eagle lake" 

 [north of Rainy lake], Macoun.) Timber valuable, similar to that of white oak. 



Q. bicolor, Willd. Swamp Wliite-Oak. 



Frequent in Benton, Mille Lacs and Morrison counties, and theuce north to lake 

 Winnibigoshish and the White Earth reservation, Oarrison. 



Q. Mulilenbergii, Engelm. (Q. Prinus, L., var. acuminata, Michx.) Yel- 

 low Chestnut-Oak. 

 Lapham. Southeast. 



Q. tinctoria, Bartram. (Q. coccinea, Wang., var. tinctoria, Gray.) 

 Black Oak. Quercitron or Yellow- barked Oak. 

 Common, or abundant, southward; extending north to Pine county, Upham, and 

 to Pokegama falls and the White Earth reservation. Garrison; the most abundant spe- 

 cies of oak in the southeast part of the state. This species and the bur oak vary from 

 20 to 50 or 60 feet in hight, according to their situation and soil ; besides which, each 

 occurs frequently dwarfed, growing as scrubby brush from 3 to 10 feet high. 



Q. coccinea, Wang. Scarlet Oak. 



Upper Mississippi river, Garrison; "in Minnesota (Engelmann)," Sargent. 



Q. coccinea, Wang., var. ambigua, Gray. Gray Oak. 



Prairie river, attaining a hight of 50 feet and diameter of 10 inches, Clark; White 

 Earth reservation, Garrison. North. 



