130 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 



S. rostrata, Richardson. (S. livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis, Gray. 

 Beaked Willow. Livid Willow. 

 Common throughout the state. 



S. Ivicida, Muhl. Shining Willow. 

 Common, or frequent, throughout the state. 



S. iiig-ra,. Marshall. Black Willow 



Throughout the state : frequent northward, common southward. This and the next 

 are our only native species of willow that become trees, the others being shrubs. 



S. aiuygdaloides, Anders.* Almond-leaved Willow. 



Red river and eastward, Bebb; probably frequent throughout the state. 



S. fragilis, L X alba, L. White Willow. 



Occasionally spontaneous ; much cultivated, especially on the prairies, for shade 

 and protection from the wind. Timber culture, of this tree, red and sugar maple, box- 

 elder. Cottonwood, Lombardy poplar, and other species, is being begun extensively in 

 the prairie region, chiefly for the rewards provided by laws of the state and United 

 States governments. The white willow is well adapted to yield fuel, as it grows rap- 

 idly, and, when cut down, shoots up vigorously anew from the stump. In good soil, 

 with good care, probably ten acres of this willow would supply an average household 

 with flre-wood continually. 



M. S. Bebb regards this "white willow," commonly planted (by cuttings) for screens, 

 as a hybrid of S.fraoilis and S. alba, being apparently the form named S.fratjilis, L., 

 var. RusselUana, Carey, in Gray's Manual. Mr. Bebb writes : "Among the varieties 

 cultivated throughout the Northwest, I have seen no genuine S. alba. In one form, 

 S.fraoiUsXalba, var. (c.)v6iitita, Wimmer (S. paliistris, Host.), the leaves approach 

 very near to S. alba, var. cwrulca, but the flowers are different. Much the more com- 

 monly planted form is S./ragilisy. alba, var. (b.) glaJira, Wimmer (exactly S. excelsior. 

 Host. ; S. viridis. Fries, when the under surface of the leaf is pale green)." 



S. longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Willow. Sand-bar Willow. 

 Common throughout the state. 



S. inyrtilloides, L. Myrtle Willow. 



Frequent northward, rare southward. Swamps, St. Croix river. Parry; north of 

 lake Superior, Aoassiz; Kanabec and Benton counties, TJpham; Dellwood, White Bear 

 lake, Ramsey county, Kelley; Minneapolis, Kassube; near Eagle lake, Blue Earth 

 county, -Leiberg; Emmet county, Iowa (rare), Cratty. 



POPULUS.Tourn. Poplar. Aspen. 



P. treimiloides, Michx. American Poplar or Aspen. 



Common, or abundant, throughout the state, especially northward. Wood of this 

 and the next is valuable for paper- making. 



P. grandideutata, Michx. Large-toothed Poplar or Aspen. 



Common, or frequent, throughout most of the state ; excepting the southeastern 



*Salix amygdaloides, Anders. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 3 to 6 Inches long, Yi 

 to 1 '/2 inches wide, wit h a long tapering point, glaucous beneath , closely serrate, petioles 

 long and slender, stipules minute and very early deciduous : aments leafy-peduncled, 

 elongated -cylindrical, pendulous ; the fertile when in fruit lax, 3 to 4 inches long, '« inch 

 thick ; scales in the male anient ovate, villous with crisp hairs, in the female narrower, 

 somewhat smooth, fugacious : capsulesglobose-conlcal, glabrous, loug-pedicelled ; style 

 very short or obsolete, stigmas notched. . . . In aspect very unlike S. nigra [like which, 

 this species attains a tree-like size], and in fact more frequently mistaken for S. lucida. 

 The broad leaves, being supported by long and slender petioles, are moved by the 

 slightest bree/.e, displaying in rapid, fluttering succession their conspicuous white 

 under surfaces, thus producing an effect in striking contrast with the changeless, soft 

 light reflected from masses of the foliage of S. nigra when swayed gently by the wind. 

 BcbJ) in Wheeler's Report nf Surveys west of the (Jiie Hundredth Meridian. 



