186 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 



1648 are indigenous). Acknowledgment is also due to Mr. Arthur 

 for valuable information and suggestions during this work. 



The preceding table presents comparisons with the four state 

 catalogues mentioned; and also with the Botany of California (1876 

 and 1880; by Brewer, Gray, and Watson; 2891 species and 339^ 

 varietias, including introduced plants); with the flora of New Eng- 

 land, as indicated by Gray's Manual (approximately 1361 species 

 and varieties of native phaenogams, 243 introduced phaenogams, 

 and 74 vascular cryptogams); and with the flora of Europe, so far 

 as it is represented in that of the northern United States, also 

 shown by Gray's Manual. From this table it appears that 290 spe- 

 cies and varieties of the indigenous flora of Minnesota are also founds 

 native in Europe; 1048 in New England; 1210 in Michigan; 1176 in 

 Wisconsin; 949 in Iowa; 1091 in Nebraska; and 335 in California. 



In submitting this catalogue to readers, students and botanists, 

 it seems desirable to repeat that it claims to be merely a report of 

 progress in an unfinished work» It is hoped that its publication 

 will incite all the workers in this field to increased efforts, so that 

 the final report of this part of the state survey shall be made as 

 complete and accurate as possible. The cryptogamic vegetation, 

 as mosses, liverworts, lichens, fungi, and algae, will there be cata- 

 logued; and within the province of the present work, there will be 

 incorporated additions and corrections, as well as extension or more 

 exact limitation in statements of the range of species, so far aa^ 

 known. For this purpose, botanists are requested to keep full 

 notes of all observations that supplement or amend this catalogue, 

 and to send them, together with specimens of plants found in Min- 

 nesota but not herein recorded, to Prof. N. H. Winchell, curator 

 of the state university museum, Minneapolis. 



Probably about a tenth part of the total phasnogamous flora 

 of the state remains yet to be noted in neglected nooks, in marshy 

 dense woods, cool ravines, on cliff's and hills, in streams and lakes. 

 Numerous species and varieties new to science quite certainly await 

 discovery; and it will be interesting in many cases to compare our 

 common and well known plants with specimens of the same gath- 

 ered in distant portions of the country, or even in this region under 

 differing conditions of soil, moisture, or shade. The greater part 

 of the accessions must be expected, of course, near the borders of 

 the state, being often species that are common or frequent beyond 

 our limits but extend only scantily into Minnesota. 



