36 INSECTS AFFECTING THE ORANGE. 



and for a time believed tliat it bad bceu introduced from Australia witb 

 tbis tree. Many trees were found the leaves of which were comi)!etely 

 covered with the scales, appearing as if they had been coated witb 

 whitewash. Leaves of magnolia were received from Mr. C. II. Dwindle, 

 Berkeley, Cal., which were infested to a similar extent. The following 

 is a list of the plants upon which I have studied tbis species: Acacia, 

 Magnolia, oleander, niaple. Yucca, plum, cherry, currant, and Melia 

 {Melia azederaoh) iu California; oleander in Utah; English iv3" in a 

 conservatory at Ithaca, N. Y. ; ivy and "China tree" from Dr. R. S. 

 Turner, Fort George, Fla. ; grass and clover grow ing in pots witb oriinge 

 trees upon which I was rearing the scale at this Department; lemons 

 imported from the ^Mediterranean by a San Francisco dealer; and 

 lemons forwarded to me by Mr. Alex. Craw from the grove of Mr. Wolf- 

 kill, at Los Angeles, Cal. 



" The scales upon magnolia from Berkeley, Cal., and upon oleander 

 from Salt Lake City appear somewhat different from those on acacia and 

 other plants. But after a very careful study of the different forms from 

 eacb plant, I am unable to point out any character whicb will distinguisb 

 those on magnolia and oleander from others. 



" Specimens of infested lemons from Euroi)e were forwarded to me at 

 Washington by the editor of the Riverside Press and IIorticulturist,who 

 had received them from a correspondent iu San Francisco, who had 

 imported them from the Mediterranean. Is'otwithstanding the great 

 distance (once across the Atlantic and twice across tbe continent) whicb 

 this fruit bad been transported, tbe insects infesting it were alive and in 

 a bealth^^ condition. This illustrates tbe ease witb whicb these insects 

 may spread from one country' to another, and the dangers attending 

 the introduction of foreign fruit and nursery stock. 



" Tbe appearance of this pest upon citrus fruits in Southern California 

 is greatly to be regretted, for tbe species is already so common on other 

 plants that it may be difficult to keep tbe orange groves free from it. 

 The fact, however, that it infests acacia, oleander, and other plants to 

 such a great extent, and has been observed but few times in this country 

 on citrus fruits, may be taken as au indication that it is not liable to 

 multiply to any great extent upon oranges and lemons. 



'' In the specimens which I have seen the leaves of tbe lemon were not 

 infested, but the scales were very abundant on the fruit. 



"The young of tbis insect whicb were found on ivy in Florida were 

 colonized on an orange tree iu tbe breeding-room of tbe Department. 

 When one day old the larvie had settled and commenced excreting a 

 covering; when four days old tbis covering was quite dense; on tbe 

 twentieth day some larvte molted, and on the twenty-eighth day the 

 second molt occurred. It was observed that tbis molt was accomj)lisbed 

 by a splitting of the skin at the sides of tlie body, so that the dorsal 

 half of the skin became attached to tbe scale and the ventral half to the 

 leaf. Soon after this molt all the specimens died. This was au indica- 

 tion tbat tbis species could not mature upon the orange. But a very 



