THE CHAFF SCALE OF THE ORANGE. 37 



careful stiuly of the form from Florida has failed to reveal aoy character 

 by which it can be separated from that living on lemon in California. 



" Althoujih I failed to as(;ertain the time occui)ied by a sinji^le genera- 

 tion, the foHowing notes indicate that tliere are at least two each year, 

 and probably more. On the 13th of April, 1880, specimens of magnolia 

 leaves were received from Berkeley, Cal., infested by this insect. The 

 eggs were hatching from this date till 27tli April. During this time (22d 

 Ai)nl) leaves of ivy were received from Florida, upon which were scales 

 and newly hatched young of this species. On the 21st of Ma^- other 

 specimens were received from Florida; of these the females were about 

 one hall grown, and the males were in the i)ui>a state. 



"On the 21:th of August I observed again at Los Angeles, Cal., the 

 eggs of this S[)ecies. 



"During April adidt males emerged in my breeding cages from both the 

 California (Berkeley) and Florida 8i)ecimens. And during August the 

 males were again flying at Los Angeles, Cal. 



"In conservatories there is apparently no regnlarity in the periods of 

 this insect; for specimens of all stages, from the egg to the adult, may 

 be observed at the same time." 



CHAFF SCALE. 

 {Parlatoria pergandii Comstock.) 

 [Plate V, and Figs. 8 and 9.] 

 Scale of Female. — This is a thin, light colored 

 scale, less than half as long as either of the Myti- 

 laspis scales. It is more or less circular, usually 

 somewhat pointed, and less curved npon one side 

 than upon the other. The first larval skin is a little 

 darker in color than the rest of the scale; it is dis- /'«.-. ^-^"riatoria per. 



' (jnnau Ciiiiis. a. scale ox 



tinct, and forms a circular shield, placed near the •';.'"■'••;■ fuiY-''':, ^^ .^^aie 



' ' "^ <it mule. eularg;c(i. (After 



edge and on the side opposite the point. Beyond Comstock.) 

 and partly underneath the first larval skin may be distinguished the 

 larger but less distinctly visible shield of the second molt. In well de- 

 veloped scales several faintly elevated lines or ridges are marked upon 

 the ui)per surface, which radiate fioui the point of beginning of the 

 scale, and are partly obliterated where they are coveretl by the molted 

 skins. A structure somewhat similar to this of the Chaff Scale is seen 

 in many sea shells, such as the limpet and the oyster. 



The female scale is light straw color, 1.1"'" to LG""" (O.OG inch) long. 



Scale of Male. — The male scale is slender and of nearly equal width 

 throughout. The material of which it is comi)osed is very thin an«l 

 white in color; the larva skin at one end covers about one third of the 

 surface, is darker than the rest of the scale, and has a greenish tinge, 

 or a dark green center. Length, 1""" (0.04 inch). 



Female. — The female has the form of a thickened disk, nearly circular 

 in outline. The edges of the last four or five joints are serrate, with 

 minute tooth-like lobes and plates. The color, at first waxy white, 



