TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Fasa 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL vii 



LETTER OF SUBMITTAL ix 



INTRODUCTION. 



Injuries by Insects Distinguished from Organic Disease 1 



Diseases aflecting the condition of tbe plant ; — die-back, 1 — bark-fungus, 

 2 — foot-rot ; — smut, 3 — splitting of fruit, 4 — dropping of fruit, 5. 

 The Insect Fauna of the Orange 5 



Attraction wbicb tbe orange tree bas for insects, 5 — injurious insects ; — ben- 

 eficial insects, 6 — innocuous insects ; — importance of distinguisbing friends 

 from foes, 7 — i)resenco of certain injurious insects indicated by ants, 8. 

 Systems of Cultivation 8 



Influence of shade upon tbe increase of insect pests, 8 — clean culture or 

 mulching iireferable to cropping young groves; — seasons of greatest in- 

 sect activity, 9 — tbe proper months for applying remedies, 10. 



PART I.— COCCIDiE [SCALE INSECTS OE BAEK-LICE]. 



CHAPTER I. 



Characters op the CocciDiE and Commencement of the Consideration 



of the Subfamily Diaspin^ 13 



General characters of Bark-lice and their relations to other insects; — ^prod- 

 ucts of Bark-lice, 13 — division into subfamilies, 14 — life-history of the 

 Diaspinae; — the larva, 15 — growth of the scale, IG — the females; — the 

 males, 17 — periods of development; — nature of the scale-covering, 18 — 

 Long Scale, 19— life-history, 21 — broods, 22 — parasites, 23 — origin and 

 spread, 24. 



CHAPTER II. 

 DlASPiN^ — Continued 26 



Purple Scale, 2G— Red Scale of Florida, 28— Red Scale of California, 32— 

 White Scale, 35 — Chaff Scale, 37 — the Orange Chionaspis, 40. 



CHAPTER III. 



DiASPiN^ — Confinued— Ravages of the Arjiored Scales 4i 



Bark-lice everywhere present in orange groves, 42 — relative importance of 

 the several species as pests; — agencies which assist their distribution, 

 43 — influence of the wind, 44 — enfeebled condition of the plant favorable 

 to their increase ; — usual course of the pest, 45 — the popular belief that 

 the scales are thrown off at the cuds of the branches; — influence of cli- 

 mate, 40 — effect of frost ; — natural checks, 47. 



Ill 



