THE liLACK JS ALE OF CALIFORNIA, 



53 



(Linn.) ia one of tlio best known and most widely disttibntcd species of 

 Baik lonse. For centuries it ha-i b 'en transported fro^n one country to 

 aiiotlirr, until it lias become tlioroui^hly cosmopolitan and n common i>est 

 in f^icen liduscs lIuDnuliont llic world. In mild climates, like those of 

 sontliern l']aroi)0 and tlic southern United States, it thrives in the open 

 air. It is a general feeder, and althongh found most constantly upon 

 ])lants of the citrus family, others in greatvariety are attacked. Marked 

 ])ivlVi'encc is shown <"or ])lants with smooth bark and thick or glossy 

 leaves; thus th(» Ivy, Oleander, and Japonica suffer equally with the 

 Orange from the de])redations of this Bark louse. 



THE BLACK SCALE OF CALIFORNIA. 



{Lccanium olece Bernard.) 



[Fig. IC] 



The following account of this scale is found in the Report of the 

 Commissioner of Agricidture for 1880, j). 33G : 

 ".J.da/^^e/wa/6'.— Dark brown, nearly black in color; uearly hemispberi 



'^^<: 



Fro. ]fl. — Lccanium oka Ecrn^id. 10. cdult fcmali s on Olive, natural size; a, fcmalo, enlnrjjid. 

 (Alti i-Ci'iUhtotU.) 



cal in form, often, hcnvcvor, quite a lit do longer than broad: average 

 Icngih f;o;!i •!:"'•' to .■>'•'•": average height 3'""». Dorsum with a median 

 lougituiliual carina and two transverse cariui3e, the latter dividing the 



