54 



INSECTS AFFl.CTING illL ■ RANGE. 



body iuto three subequnl portions; frequently tlie lougitudinal ritlgc is 

 more prominent betueen the transverse ridges than elsewhere, thus 

 forminj; svith theiu a raised surface of the form of a capital H- Tlie 

 body is slightly margined; outer part of the disk with many (18-30) 

 small ridjjes which extend from the margin half way up to center of 

 dorsum. Viewed with the microscope, the sklu is seen to be filled with 

 oval or r.)u;iil nils each with a clear nucleus; the average size of the 

 cells beiu-- iioiu .0j™'» to .00™™ in length, while the nuclei average .02™'° 

 in dlanu'ter. The antennae are long and SJoiiited, the two basal joints 

 short; Juint 3 longest, joints -i and .") L-ipial and shorter, joints G and 7 

 equal and still shorter, joint 8 with a notched margin and almost as long 

 as joint 3, Legs rather long and stout, tlie tibiie being about one fifth 

 longer than the tarsi. The anal ring seems ti) bear six long hairs. 

 "T/'/c JEgij. — Long oval in shape, O.-f'"'" in length, yellowish in color. 

 '■'-Ncn^Jy ■hatched Larvcc. — There is nothing \'ery charaeteristicaboutthe 

 young larvie; they are Hat, and their antennaj are only G jointed. 



''The black scale is stated by Signoret to be properly in France an 

 olive scale, sometimes, hoi^•ever, becoming so common as lo occur 

 on all neighboring plants also. In California we find it infesting the 

 greatest variety of plants, and becoming a very serious enemy to orange 

 and other citrus trees. 1 have found it at Los Angeles on orange and 

 all other citrus plants, on olive, pear, apricot, plum, pomegranate, Ore 

 gon ash, bitter sweet, a])ple, euralyptus, sabal palm, California coflee, 

 rose, ciii^e. jiiSsamiiK', Habrothnuis eleijauft ; and elsewhere upon an Aus- 

 tralian i)lant known as Bracluuton, and also upon a heath. It i)referably 

 attacks the smaller twigs of these plants, and the young usually settle 

 upon the leaves. 



'• The development of this species is very slow ; and it seems })robable 

 that there is only one brood in a year. Specimens observed by Mr. 



Alexander Craw at Los An- 

 geles, which hatched in June 

 or July, began to show the 

 characteristic ridges only in 

 November. Mr. Craw has 

 seen the lice, even wlien quite 

 well grown, move from twigs 

 which had become dry and 

 take up their quarters on fresh 

 ones. 



"Although carefully looked 

 for, the males, like those of so 

 many other lecanides, have 



FiQ. l~.—Tomocera calif orntca, mule, (^fter Ilowaid.) upvi'r bcpii fonnd 



'' A dark brown bark-louse has beeu sent me Ironi Florida, on live oak, 

 holly, oleandc:-, oiange, aiul one or two unknown plants, by Dr. II. S. 

 Turner, of Fort George, which a,)pears to be identical with Lecanium 



