THE ORANGE DOG. 137 



wing-covers are marked with small spots. Like the Katydid, these 

 larger grasshoppers occasion loss of growth, aud stunt the plant by 

 eating back the succulent ends of the shoots, as well as by consuming 

 the leaves. AVith clean culture, aud keeping the grove free from weeds 

 and succulent plants, very little trouble will be experienced from the 

 ravages of locusts, which are only attracted in numbers by dense masses 

 of vegetation. 



INSECTS OF THE ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. 



THE ORANGE DOG. 



{Papilio cresphontes Cramer.) 

 [Plate X and Plate XI, Figs. 1 and 2.] 



The most important enemy to the Orange among this group of insects 

 is a caterpillar 2.J inches long, of a dark brown color, with large blotches 

 and markings of cream color. (Plate X, Fig. h.) The anterior part of 

 the body is enlarged, and when at rest and not feeding the head is drawn 

 in and turned under. The swollen extremity then presents a hideous, 

 mask-like face, or dolphin head, of which the upper portion of the true 

 head forms the snout, and two velvet-black spots in deep depressions 

 on each side do duty as eyes. When irritated, the larva shoots forth 

 from a fold just back of the head two long, fleshy, orange-colored ten- 

 tacles, resembling a pair of horns. (Plate X, Figs, e and d.) These 

 are scent-organs, emitting a penetrating odor, disagreeable alike to man 

 and beast. 



When full-grown, the larva* retires to the vertical trunk or to some 

 large branch of the tree, weaves a mat of strong thread to which it 

 fastens itself by its terminal hooks, and with its head directed upwards 

 slings itself at an angle to the trunk by means of a silken band passed 

 around its body and fastened at the ends to the bark. Within this loop 

 it changes to chrysalis by casting its larval skin. The chrysalis (Plate 

 X, Fig. e) is a remarkable example of protective mimicry; the mixture 

 of grey and brown colors, together with irregularities of form, such as 

 l)rojecting i)oints upon the breast and at the upper end, give it a very 

 close resemblance to a dead, lichen-covered twig. 



From this somber-colored case issues in time a large and gailycol- 

 ored butterfly, with wings above velvet-black, crossed by a double 

 series of large yellow spots, and beneath yellow with black veins (Plate 

 X, Fig. a). The under wings end in tails, and are adorned above with 

 a pair of eye-like spots of red edged with black and surmounted by a 

 thin crescent of blue. Upon the under side these spots are repeated, 

 with the addition of a second pair of red blotches and a complete row of 

 pale blue crescent-shaped spots. 



This showy butterfly is one of the commonest insects in the South, 

 and is seen everywhere flitting about in the orange groves. 



