OBSERVATIONS UPON UIl'TERA AND HYMENOPTERA. 219 



depredations. Carda mines so affected growing on wet and 

 spongy ground. The white petals of C. amara assume the deep 

 purple hue of C. pratensh, so that it is difficult to distinguish 

 between the species except by the leaves, I am looking for the 

 imagines to put in an appearance in April of 1883. Winnertz 

 reared the little gall-gnat in 1853. After many fruitless attempts 

 he says he reared forty-nine males and forty-six females. 



June 4th. — Bedeguar Cynips {Rhodites rosce) emerging very 

 abundantly from the mossy tufts on the stems of Rosa canina of 

 the previous year. Bred upwards of two score. Very few appa- 

 rently were ichneumoned last autumn. 



June 7th. — The tenants of the stunted acorns of Qiiercus 

 pedimcidata prove to be Synergiis evanescens. Mr. Fitch kindly 

 forwarded the insect, for more perfect recognition, to Dr. Mayr. 

 It is thus not the original house-builder, but simply a tenant ! 

 Its habits of life are peculiar, and certainly need closer observation 

 in England. I bred nearly a hundred of both sexes of the 

 Synergus evanescens. The original builder is not known. 



June 10th. — The tendrilled leaves of the pea mined artisti- 

 cally by the larva by Phytomyza affinis, Macquart, the P. nigri- 

 cornis of Curtis. The pupa-case is imbedded at the end of the 

 mine. I noticed the emerging of the imago from the mine very 

 early in the morning. Wings long in expanding. 



June 19th. — In January last Mr. Bloomfield kindly sent me, 

 from the Sussex coast near to Hastings, dipterous wens that were 

 obtained from the thistle {Carduus arvensis). These were 

 tenanted by the pupae of a Urophora {Urophora Cardui), as 

 their markings distinctly showed. I put them into a glass-topped 

 box, occasionally moistening them with water so as to assimilate 

 Nature in her ways and means. Just before midsummer-day 

 the tenants of the gall began to emerge. I bred fully fifty, with 

 a large proportion of females. 



June 21st. — Galled heads of the hardhead {Centaurea nigra) 

 accompanied the thistle-galls, and these gave me an abundant 

 progeny. I would remark that the economy of this bar-wing 

 {Urophora solstitialis) differs from that of Trypeta cylindrica, 

 which frequents the same fiower-heads, inasmuch as the latter 

 always pupates without any hard woody gall, the former invari- 

 ably shrouds itself in a hard case, being the outcome of the 

 seeds or receptacle. 



