OBSERVATIONS UPON DIPTERA AND HYMENOPTERA. 221 



July 26tli. — Parasites bred from the snowberry-miner. They 

 are named by Mr. Fitch Colastes hraconius, HaUday. Brischke, 

 he remarks, has also bred it from leaf-miners. 



July 31st. — Phytomi/za alhiccps, bred from larvae that fed on 

 the ragwort {Senecio jacohaa), covering its leaves with its pretty 

 white mines. It is one of the most polj^phagous of the group, 

 according to Scholtz and Hardy ; Hardy, indeed, bred this fly 

 from both ragwort and groundsel. It bears a close resemblance 

 to P. ajfinis, and it may be, as Dr. Meade remarks, only a variety 

 of that species. 



August 1st. — Cecidomijia veronica emerging from the woolly 

 leaf-galls of the speedwell {Veronica chamcEdri/s) . I bred this 

 gall-gnat so early as September, 1860. I have noticed the 

 Veronica serpylUfolia apparently galled by the same gnat as is 

 V. montana on the Continent. The larvae pupate within the 

 pair of woolly leaves that terminate the stem. 



August 4th. — Grubs of the " carrot-fly " (Psilarosa) apparent 

 in the affected roots. Larvae worming the root and protruding 

 from the tunnels made thereby. Larvae all pupated within the 

 soil before the 20th of the month. Noticed upwards of a score, 

 which may give forth the imagines in Sei^tember or remain in 

 pupahood till the spring of next year. It would seem that 

 several generations of this fly occur during the year. Pupa- 

 case pale ochreous, with slightly darker tips. Smaller than that 

 of the onion-fly. 



August 5th. — Willow sawfly {Xematus croceus) put on wings. 

 I found the larvae feeding on the goat willow (Salix caprcea) on 

 the 4th of June. They pupated on the 10th, and the imagines 

 began to put in an appearance at the close of July and beginning 

 of August. The larvae much resemble the gooseberry sawfly 

 larvae, but the colours are more bright and vivid. The imago is 

 larger than that of the gooseberry-fly, and of a saffron-yellow. 

 Vollenhoven figures it under the name of N. trimaculatus, a not 

 inapproj^riate name. 



August 23rd. — HcUcltrijsion leaves mined by some dipteron. 

 Mines have a great resemblance to those of PJti/tomyza albiceps, 

 and I quite expect that it will prove to be that species, which is 

 so truly polj'phagous. I believe the species of Hclichrysum is 

 hracteatum. 



August 28tli. — Hatching of Cecidomyia rerouicce from another 



