THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



76 



Fig. 33. 



several pi'ojections, and in its being larger in size (fig. 21 d). 

 The first form is found on Qnercus sessiliflora and Q. pedun- 

 culata; the second on Q. pubescens ; the third on Q. sessili- 

 flora. The imago, generally matured by the beginning of 

 winter, emerges in the following March or beginning of 

 April. — G. L. Mayr. 



Five species of Synergus have been bred from the variable 

 galls of this species, four of which, viz. Melanopus, Reinhardi, 

 Pallicornis, and Vulgaris, emerge in the spring and summer 

 of the second year; whilst Facialis is produced in the 

 autumn of the first year. Ceroptres arator finds a home in 

 this species, as in many others. As parasites we have Calli- 

 mome abdominalis, C. regius, and two species of Megastigmus, 

 vi^:. M. stigmalicans. Fab. {= giganteus, Kollar), and M. dor- 

 salis, Fab. (= Bohemanni, Raiz.). The gall has not been 

 found in Britain. — E. A. Fitch. 



22. Cynips coriaria, Hart. — 

 This species produces a gall 

 which, in its shape, reminds one 

 somewhat of the variety Coro- 

 nata of the preceding species. 

 The simplest and most regular 

 specimens are hemispherical, 

 with the convex part attached 

 to the stem, and the broad disk 

 recurved in the middle. From 

 the junction between the disk 

 and the convex surface, or from 

 the disk itself, emanate many 

 long projections, which taper 

 off and point either towards the 

 gall or from it. Occasionally 

 several of these projections 

 unite, and then they form a 

 lamina terminating in several 

 points. Other specimens are 

 more or less spherical, and their 

 projections irregular. A trans- 

 verse section of the gall usually measures between one and 

 two centimetres, exclusive of the projections, but speci- 

 mens occur both larger and smaller; the average of the 



Cynips coeiaeia. 



