THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 



than long (iwo to four centimetres in diameter). It is fully 

 developed about the n)iddle of May, when it is of a pale 

 yellow or brownish yellow colour, but where exposed to the 

 sun it assumes a rosy tinge. This fimgoid gall exhibits in 

 the interior a great number of egg-shaped, yellowish white 

 larva-cells, which are closely surrounded by the spongy 

 parenchyma. At the end of May or begiiuiing of June the 

 gall-makers, as well as the inquilines and some parasites, 

 make their appearance. Jn June the rose-chafers (Cetonia) 

 eat their way into these galls in such a manner that the 

 spongy tissue is either partly or entirely consumed, and 

 the galls become resinous. If we look for the galls of this 

 species in the following winter or spring, on the twigs, 

 we shall find the fungoid substance entirely destroyed by 

 efflorescence, and onl\' the inner galls remaining, adhering 

 to one another. From these inner galls, however, parasites 

 are often produced, even in the second year. — G. L. Mai/r. 



The gall of this species is the well-known oak-, or King 

 Charles', apple, and is probably one of the best-known 

 insect-productions of Britain, but not so generally is the 

 production connected with the producer; it is very widely dis- 

 tributed. The galls, which vary greatly in size — more so than 

 in the dimensions given by Dr. Mayr — are, or were formerly, 

 in great request upon the anniversary of the Restoration, the 

 29th of May. Respecting life in' these galls, I cannot do 

 better than reprint two notes of the late ]\Ir. Francis Walker 

 on the subject, one published as long ago as 1846, in the 

 'Zoologist' (iv. 1454 — 7) ; the other recent (Entom. v. 432), 

 but referring as it does in a great measure to the previous 

 paper, it is as well they should appear consecutively. 



^^ List of Insects inhahiting Oak-apples. 



" The well-known oak-apples are inhabited by a great 

 variety of insects, which constitute a little world, and derive 

 their nourishment either immediately or indirectly from those 

 galls. The insects in the following list have emerged from a 

 considerable number of oak-aj^ples collected in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Southgate during the summer of 1845. 



"June, 1845. — Nitidula grisea, 1. Balaninus glandiuni ? 

 149 during this and the following months of summer. Forfi- 

 cula auricularia, a few in the summer; some of them were 



