THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 



in the summer myself, and they are certainly all S. faci- 

 alis, H. ; those bred in March and April of the second yeai 

 may be S. melanopus, H. (= S. socialis, H.), as this species 

 passes the winter in many oak-galls. The identification of 

 Synergi is always difficult, so it is quite likely that these two 

 species — S. melanopus and S. facialis — were included by 

 Walker under the Hartigian name, S. socialis : a Synergus in 

 the spring from tliis gall has not occurred to me at present. 

 These are the true Inquilini, or, as Walker terms them, 

 "dwellers in hired houses;" they are, I believe, invariably 

 vegetable-feeders, living on the substance of the gall, and so 

 in many cases depriving the legitimate inhabitants of their 

 means of sustenance; in their manner of parasitism thus 

 somewhat resembling the cuckoo-bees (Cuculinge). I find no 

 record of any other species of Cynipidaj, as having been 

 detected to be in any way connected with the galls of this 

 species. 



Hymenoptera (Parasitic). 



IchneumonidcB. 



Hemiteles areator, Panz., Grv. — This species has been 

 bred from many Lepidopterous pupae, in which it is probably 

 hyper-parasitic on other Ichneumonida^ ; it was very probably 

 connected with Tortrix viridana in this case. Ratzeburg 

 records two other species of Hemiteles bred from this gall, 

 viz.^ H. coactus, Rizh., and H. punctatus, Rtzh. 



Lampronota segmentata = Lissonota segmentator, Fab. 

 (Entom. V. 432). 



Pimpla spp. ? — Ratzeburg also records (Ichn. d. Forst.) 

 two species of Pimpla from A.terminalis galls, both bred by 

 Herr Reissig in the spring of the second year, viz., P. calobata, 

 Grv., and P. caudata, Rtzh. ; whether these were the two 

 species bred by Walker it is difficult to determine. P. alter- 

 nans, Grv. = P. scanica, VilL, a species parasitic on Orchestes 

 Quercus, has also occurred in these galls. 



Braconidee. 



Bracon ? — March and May, second year. Ratzeburg 

 received his B. caudatus from Herren Brischke, Tischbein, 

 Reissig, and Nordlinger, all obtaining it from these galls in 

 May of the second year, thus coinciding with the six speci- 

 mens bred by Walker in time of appearance. Bracon 



