THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 



substance of these galls, and in no way connected with the 

 inner gall or dwelling proper of the Cynips. This I have 

 also observed in the galls of C. Kollari, and in the cnp of the 

 galls of A. gennna3, in which case the tenant is one of the 

 Cynipidae — Andricus trilinealus, H. It is an interesting case 

 of parasitism, showing most clearly, although now proved 

 beyond doubt, the vegetal subsistence of Synergus larvae. It 

 also has a bearing on the mode of life of different species, 

 and its presence in such a situation in no way interferes with 

 the production of the gall-maker. Schlechtendal describes 

 four varieties of this gall, tenanted by the Dyrophanta, 

 Synergi, and Pteromalidoe. He also observes that — "In galls 

 which pass the winter under the leaves I can never find a 

 Cynips." The British inhabitants of these galls, bred by Mr. 

 Rothera and named by Walker, were, besides the gall-maker, 

 Synergus (sp. ?), Eurytoma nodularis, Megasligmus dorsalis, 

 Callimome elegans, and Calliraome antennatus (? female, 

 .'' versicolor). Mayr does not seem to have received M. dor- 

 salis as an inhabitant of the cherry-galls. Walker observes 

 that the specimens from these are rather larger than Ter- 

 rainalis-bred specimens. C. elegans is a willow-frequenting 

 species. In addition to the above record of parasitism we 

 have three species of Ichneumonidse mentioned by Ratzeburg, 

 as connected with this species, two of which were bred by 

 Bouche and one by Brischke, viz. — Porizon claviventris, Gr.; 

 Bracon aterrimus, Ratz. ; and Orthostigma gallarum, Ratz. 

 He also bred or received the two species of Torymidae, men- 

 tioned above; his T. nanus, Forst., "from oak-leaf galls," 

 were probably from the galls of some other species. Two 

 species of Pteromalus— P. fasciculatus and P. jucundus — are 

 mentioned by Forster; and, as noticed at p. 42 of this 

 volume of the 'Entomologist,' an Aphis — T. dryophila — may 

 sometimes be found feeding on tlie incipient galls of this 

 species. — E. A. Filch. 



49. Dryoplianta fold, Linnc (non ITartig). — The gall of 

 this species is moderately common. It only occurs on 

 Quercus pubescens. It ajjpcars on the under side of the 

 leaves about the beginning of June; it is of about the size of 

 a pea, and is a dull, bare, brownish yellow, moderately hard 

 ball; it is covered with scattered inconspicuous flat papilla), 

 adheres to the leaf only atone point, and is not visible on the 



