158 tHE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



equal profusion as in spring up to the 17th. During the 

 intervening two months and a half numbers of the larva) 

 were found feeding on Euphorbia Esula. The difference in 

 the size of the vernal and autumnal specimens was very 

 striking, the earlier brood being so very much smaller. 

 Podalirius absolutely swarmed during May. Of course, I am 

 aware that it does not follow from the fact of Machaon being 

 double-brooded on the Continent that it must also be the 

 case in England ; but anyhow it goes some way towards 

 showing the probability of it. I have written these few 

 remarks thinking they may interest the gentleman making 

 enquiries about Machaon. — George Eastham ; 13, Mancliester 

 Road, South port. 



Zygcena nubigeua, Mann. — With reference to the occur- 

 rence of this species in Scotland (Entom. ix. 142) Mr. 

 Birchall (Ent. Mo. Mag. iii. 33) says : " The specimens of 

 Zygaena taken in Argyleshire, and noticed in the ' Zoologist' 

 for 1861, p. 7716, as Minos, are Nubigena. I possess a pair 

 of them, through the kindness of Professor Wyville Thomson. 

 — H. Jenner Fust, jim. ; Hill Cottage, Falfield, Gloucester- 

 shire. 



Xantliia gilvago a Cannibal. — Early in June I beat from 

 a wych-elm tree four larvae of X. gilvago and two of 

 T. W-Album. On reaching home the chip-box containing 

 them was mislaid for about a week. On reopening it to-day 

 I found not only the ievf seeds and leaves of elm had disap- 

 peared, but also the Thecla larvae. I failed to find the 

 slightest trace of their remains. To the best of my know- 

 ledge the larva of Gilvago has not been recorded as a 

 cannibal, and was no doubt*forced in this case by the mere 

 necessity of hunger to content itself with this strange diet. — 

 Gilbert Raynor ; Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, June 12, 1876. 



Oporabia Jiligrammaria and Larentia ceesiata near Bury, 

 Lancashire. — Wishing to obtain larvae of L. cjesiata, and, if 

 possible, those of O. filigrammaria, 1 visited two localities in 

 this neighbourhood, where 1 hoped to obtain both species; 

 nor was I disappointed, although Filigrammaria was not 

 known to have previously occurred at one of the places 

 worked. Some of the larvae, especially those of O. filigram- 

 maria, were found feeding quite exposed; others at rest; but 

 the majority were obtained by beating ling (Erica vulgaris). 



