196 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Two or three galls frequently grow together; then they all 

 have but one cavity, with two or three inner galls. If the gall 

 is developed at the petiole and extends to the base of the 

 leaf, then the latter generally curls up, and does not fall off 

 in the autumn, but, remaining somewhat undeveloped, decays 

 in the course of the winter down to a few remains which 

 adhere to the gall ; and the axillar bud belonging to the leaf 

 is developed into a short, crippled, bud-bearing axis (see 

 Entom.ix. 51, fig. 38 a). This is the gall described by Hartig 

 under the name of C. axillaris, and by Schenck of Andricus 

 inflator. In other cases the gall is developed so near the base 

 of the petiole that the whole stalk is affected by it and grows 

 very crooked, and, being unable to develop itself any further, 

 produces a swelling at the end of the small twig, which, on 

 a superficial inspection, bears a strong resemblance to a 

 curved gall of Andricus inflator. The gall-fly appears at the 

 end of May or beginning of June. — G. L. Mayr. 



This, as Mayr says, very common gall occurs throughout 

 Britain, and its producer may be bred with very little trouble. 

 It is particularly common in May ; but I believe there is a 

 second brood, rare compared with the first, the galls of which 

 may be found in the autumn. Synergus albipes. Hart., 

 S. facialis, Hart., S. radialus, Mayr, are three inquilines 

 occurring in its galls ; S. albipes is by far the most frequent 

 inhabitor of the three. Hartig also bred it from these galls, 

 and 1 have frequently bred both it and S. facialis, with 

 Calliraome auratus, Fonsc. {= C. mutabilis, Wlk., Zool., 

 1846, iv. 1458), Callimome abdominalis, Boh., and Platyme- 

 sopus (Pteromalus) tibialis, IVestw., from English specimens, 

 all appearing in June and July of the first year. The 

 following reference may also refer to parasitism in this 

 gall : — "Eurytoma gracilis, a parasite, is from a gall formed 

 on the midrib of an oak-leaf, which gave the leaf a very 

 crumpled appearance ; collected, August 3rd ; imago out, 

 August lOlh." (F. Walker and H. MoncreafF, Entora. iv. 77.) 

 Ralzeburg's information is as follows : — Entedon scianeurus. 

 Rat::::., very common in Terminalis galls, but bred from 

 Curvator by Tischbein ; amongst eighteen specimens so bred 

 there was not a single male. This species is probably 

 synonymous with Olynx gallarum, L. Eulophus lasvissimus, 

 Ralz.f also bred by Tischbein : it was bred by Bouchc from 



