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the kingdom.”’ Here, in the hills of East Hampshire, I have 
succeeded in keeping it alive for several years with the help of 
protecting branches in winter and shelter from the north winds, 
but the upper parts of the culms do get cut back by frost, so that 
the clumps, though soon recovering and looking very pretty, 
will probably never grow as tall as those of other species do. 
In S. Ireland I believe it thrives quite well as I have received 
specimens from Miss French, of Cuskinny, Co. Cork. Though 
cut back by the winter frosts it sueceeded in flowering in August, 
1917, in the garden of Mr. G. W. E. Loder of Wakehurst Place, 
Ardingly, Sussex; and near this I have seen it in the gardens at 
Grayswood, Haslemere and Hollycombe, W. Sussex. Mr. Bean, 
quoted by Dr. Stapf, says that he did not see it in any of the 
gardens in 8. Cornwall that he visited in 1893. In a conservatory 
it will undoubtedly thrive, witness the fine clumps in the 
Temperate House at Kew which have given the flowering culms 
now being discussed. And there, as with other artificially- 
protected kinds, it gives longer culms with a greater diameter, 
looking so unlike the plant in its native wilds, that for some 
years I have had doubts whether it really was the true species. 
The other three kinds of Arundinaria of the North-West 
Himalaya are much more hardy. A. Falconeri, which has been 
found as far west as the Tons river in Tehri-Garhwal, is a 
caespitose species of high elevation as Dr. Stapf has so fully 
described, is grown in many parts of this country and thrives, 
though it, too, as Lord Redesdale has remarked for the Midlands, 
may “suffer in very severe winters by having its culms cut back 
for some distance. I keep very beautiful clumps of it as well 
protected by branches as I can and, more important still, try 
to shelter them from cold north winds, those enemies of all but 
_ the strongest of shrubs. A. spathiflura, Trin., is the commonest 
and chief species of the North-West Himalayan region and is 
known as the high-level Ringal, A. falcata being the low-level 
Ringal. It is also a caespitose species, but the clumps grow 
closely and gregariously in the underwood of the forest, chiefly 
of spruce and silver fir and deodar, above 7000 ft. It can be at 
once recognised by the tessellated nervation of the leaves and the 
yellowish or reddish culms, and is hardy in this country, at any 
rate in the Southern Districts, but it wants overhead shade and 
likes well-drained slopes protected from the North. 
The last of the four species is A. jaunsarensis, Gamble, which 
was described from leaf and stem specimens gathered in the 
forest near Mundali in Jaunsar beyond Chakrata at about 
7000 to 8000 ft. by Mr. U. N. Kanjieal and myself in 1891. It is 
at once recognisable by having single stems arising at intervals 
from a long underground rhizome. I am strongly of opinion that 
it is the same as the well-known A. anceps, Freeman-Mitford, 
which is hardy in this country and flowered in 1910 in the 
garden of Mr. C. H. Cave at Mangotsfield near Bristol. 
Lord Redesdale, in the “‘ Bamboo Garden,” p. 181, says that 
