327 
the investigations were published in the Tijdschrift over Planten- 
ziekten (Journal for Plant Diseases), and other periodicals, and as 
Memoirs. The general interest taken in it is shown from the 
correspondence. In 1895, the first year, 376, in 1905, 1272, in 
1911, about 4900, and in 1912, 6804 letters were sent out. 
In 1891 Prof. Dr. Hugo de Vries, Prof. Dr. Ritzema Bos, 
_ W. Heinsius and Dr. H. T. Calkoen organised the 
etiatissds Phytopathological Society, and the above-mentioned 
Tijdschrift voor Plantenziekten became its leading paper. 
n 1899 the actual Phytopathological Service was established, 
more >Babtioniarly in consequence of some restrictions made by 
the United States of America as to San José Scale, peach yellows 
and rosette. These diseases were unknown in the Netherlands, 
but certificates were required from nurserymen that their 
exported stock was free from these diseases or pests and “ any 
other dangerous insects or plant diseases that might be transferred 
on nursery stock to other nurseries or to the orchard.’ At that. 
time only nurseries were inspected, and not the actual exported 
plants. 
From 1899 until 1906 the Phytopathological Service was 
situated in Amsterdam. From 1906 until the present time the 
seat has been at Wageningen. Prof. J. Ritzema Bos remained 
Director, whereas Dr. Johanna Westerdijk, who is also Professor 
of Plant Pathology at the University of Utrecht, took charge of 
the institution “‘ Willie Commelin Scholten” in Amsterdam as. 
. Quite recently the institution “‘ Willie Commelin Scholten ” 
was removed to Baarn. 
An important advance was made in 1909, when the Phyto- 
pathological Service was divided into a general and a special 
ranch. The former took charge of questions of control of plant. 
aecums and pests, and stands in close connection with the 
Government Institution for Plant Pathology of the Agricultural 
College at Wageningen. The latter service took charge of nursery 
inspection and kindred activities. 
At the present time the entire Phytopathological Service is 
independent of the Institution for Plant Pathology. 
The present Phytopathological Service is extensive and 
employs a large staff of scientifically and technically trained 
men, as well as several persons employed in offices, museums, 
laboratories and experimental fields. 
The Director of the Service is assisted by three phyto- 
pathologists, one ornithologist, two agricultural aud _horti-. 
cultural experts, besides twenty-two technical officials and 
controllers; the latter residing in various parts of the Nether- 
lands, especially in agricultural and horticultural centres such 
as Boskoop, Aalsmeer, Naarden, Oudenbosch, Naaldwijk, Lisse,’ 
Hoorn, Venlo, Elst and other places. A technical curator is 
employed in the museum. 
In the administrative section seven persons are employed, 
while six take charge of laboratories and experimental fields. 
