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extracted and used for stuffing mattresses and pillows, and 
for weaving into a coarse kind of matting. The water required 
in the preparation of the fibre has been used afterwards: 
for medicinal baths. By destructive distillation of the wood, 
pitch, tar, tar oils, and charcoal are obtained. Although intro- 
duced to the British Isles nearly 200 years ago few specimens. 
are known to exist in this country, for it is not suited to ous 
climate. 
P. ponderosa, Douglas.—RBig Pine, Bull Pine, Heavy Pine, 
Heavy-wooded Pine, Longleaf Pine, Pitch Pine, Western Yellow 
Pine, Yellow Pine. 
In its widest sense and particularly from a commercial 
point of view, this species includes P. arizonica, Engelmann and. 
P. Jeffreyi, Greville, for although often regarded as distinct: 
species, the distinctions are geographical rather than botanical, 
and the timber is indistinguishable. P. ponderosa is a very 
variable species, ranging in its native localities from 60-230 ft. 
in height with a straight clean trunk up to 25 ft. in girth. The 
branches are usually stout, spreading, and often drooping. 
the leaves are in threes, lasting three years, densely crowded om 
the branchlets, rigid, curved, varying on different trees from 
3-10 in. in length, the longer ones niviag a basal sheath nearly 
an inch long. The cones also vary greatly. They may be 
solitary or in clusters, and from 3-8 in. long and 3-4} in. wide 
before opening. When they fall from the tree a few basal scales 
are usually left on the branches. The wood is hard, strong, 
resinous, close-grained and easy to work. It is obtainable in 
large dimensions and is used for heavy construction, the indoor 
finish of houses, joists, cupboards, doors, flooring, general 
carpentry, boxes, fencing, railway sleepers, pit props and fuel. 
If used in contact with the soil it must be treated with a preser- 
vative. Resin can be obtained from the trunk by the usual 
methods of extraction and in Oregon, fibre extracted from the 
leaves is used for stuffing medicated pillows, mattresses, &c-. 
A turpentiny oil and a snuff-like powder obtained during the 
preparation of the fibre are used in medicine in the treatment. 
of bronchial and catarrhal complaints.* *“P. ponderosa is very 
‘widely distributed in Western N. America from the interior of 
British Columbia, southwards to Mexico and eastwards to 
N. Nebraska, the foot hills of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado 
and Western Texas. P. ponderosa thrives in the British Isles. 
P. Strobus, Linnaews—Apple Pine, New England Pine, 
Northern Pine, Pumpkin Pine, Quebec Pine, Sapling Pine, Soft 
Pine, Tonawada Pine, Weymouth Pine, White Pine, Yellow 
e. me 
This is the most important pine of Canada and the Northern 
United States, but the timber is becoming scarce. It usually 
attains a height of 80-150 ft. with a tapering trunk 9-12 ft. in 
girth. The bark is smooth and thin except at the base of old. 
. * Diplomatic and Consular Reports, No. 2666, 1900, p. 23. 
