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and much difference of opinion’ seems to prevail in all coffee 
growing countries on this point. 
The manures, however, that may be safely recommended, 
are those of an organic character, including prunings, leaves, 
weeds, coffee-pulp and other refuse obtained in the process of 
preparation of the bean, farm-yard manure, green-manures, 
bone, dried blood, oil-seed cake, guano, fish manure, to which 
may be added the inorganic substances, wood-ashes and lime. 
Farm manures ard green manures, may not be practicable on 
all plantations; but in respect of the first, the suggestion of 
rotting down straw to take its place may be worthy of considera- 
tion—this is effected by a process recently discovered as the 
result of many years’ investigation. Humification of the straw 
is brought about by a fermenting organism; but wet straw alone 
will not rot down, and some active form of nitrogen to start the 
process is required—this may be supplied by the urine from 
stock or by passing sewage through a filter bed made up of straw. 
At Wainfleet (Lincolnshire) this method has been applied to 
deal with the sewage from a camp of some 200 men, and further 
trials are in progress to work out a method of making farmyard 
manure on a large scale without animals (see “The Present 
Position of Research in Agriculture,’ by Sir Daniel Hall, in 
Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, April Ist, 1921, p. 305). 
The selection, however, of any of the manures mentioned 
can only be decided on a knowledge of local conditions and under 
experiment, especially as regards convenience and cost. 
A manure of considerable value may be made by mixing 
the pulp with bone-meal (in the proportion of about one part 
bone-meal and twenty parts coffee-pulp) together with any 
general refuse from the plantation, heaped or buried under 
protection from sun and rain for several months—after the 
usual method of preparing manure heaps. When sufficiently 
decayed it may be dug in round the trees, without injury to the 
roots if possible, or laid on as a mulch. 
The Pulp together with parchment and other refuse from 
the factory, is of value because of the Nitrogen, Phosphoric acid, 
Potash and Lime it contains and the Bone-meal for the Phosphoric 
acid, Lime and Nitrogen contained in it. The percentages of the 
constituents mentioned in the coffee pulp are considerably higher 
in fresh material than after exposure to sun and rain for several 
months, and it is important to conserve them as above described. 
Any wood-ashes that may be available from burning rubbish on 
the plantation might be put into the manure heap, tu increase 
the supply of potash. Slaked lime when this is found necessary, 
(and tropical soils are very often deficient in this respect), might: 
be applied with advantage by distributing it over the- whole 
plantation a few months before applying the mixed or other 
manures, at the rate of about 15 ewt. per acre or with trees 
9 it. by 9 ft. this would be approximately 3 Ib. per tree. 
