59 
origin and obtaining a price like that of the former quality; 
the third is the true ‘Sandarusi,’ like the second dug up from 
the soil but hard, less soluble, and more than twice the value. 
This last forms by far the greatest part of Zanzibar Copal, the 
export of which has sometimes reached 800,000 lbs., or a value of 
£60,000.” 
if Prackglobliem sins siinbaewss is found along the coast 
between 3° and 15° South latitude, but it is not common between 
Cape Delgado and Mombasa.* It occurs along the creeks and 
on the maritime plain or old sea beach, but becomes very rare 
at a little distance inland, and quite unknown long before the 
change in geological structure offers an explanation for its 
absence. It requires the near presence of the sea for its growth 
and dies when far removed from its influence.” 
Dr. Kirk goes on further to describe in considerable detail 
the varieties of copal, and states that the most valuable, the 
‘Animi’ of the English markets, is undoubtedly the produce of 
former forests of T'rachylobium mossambicense, present in a fossil 
state all along the ancient sea-beach, some places being richer 
than others, and certain soils indicating good ‘ diggings.’ Dr. 
Kirk searched for portions of leaves or flowers of the T'rachylobium 
amongst the fossil copal, but never succeeded in obtaining any 
specimens. 
The Kew Reports from 1857 to 1882 contain in almost 
every year references to specimens and plants sent to Kew by 
Sir John Kirk, at first from East Africa, and later from the 
Seychelles, Comoro Islands, Zanzibar and the Somali Coast. 
In the Report for the year 1861 it is recorded that large 
additions were made to the Herbarium from “ Eastern Tropical 
of Dr. Livingstone.” During the year 1862 ‘Plants and 
drawings ” were received from him from the Livingstone Expedi- 
tion and in the next years live plants were sent by Dr. Kirk 
“collected during Dr. Livingstone’s expedition, and others in 
the Seychelle and Comoro Islands, ete. including Fruit of the 
Double Cocoa-nut.” In the same report Dr. Kirk’s return to 
England in October 1863 is recorded and he came at once to Kew 
and was “ engaged i in the investigation of his large and valuable 
eollections, both in the Museum and Herbarium.” 
In 1864 cases of living plants he had collected in East Africa 
and the Seychelles reached Kew as well as valuable ee 
to the collections in the Herbarium, and in 1865 Nyasa Plan 
Most of Kirk’s herbarium specimens are sioconupabads a 
valuable notes and excellent pencil and coloured sketches showing 
habit and floral details. A large number, besides those lost in 
. the rapids, went astray. They were sent home in a Man-of-War, 
and though conspicuously addressed to Kew, the cases were 
not discovered until 1883 in a Dockyard Store. They were then 
what Kirk says here it is unlikely that the roe is now entirely 
ilaieas as ss tated in the ‘Encyel. Brit. ed. 11. vii. 94 (191 0). 
B2 
