247 
Funevus anp Insucr Pgsts, 
The following are the principal diseases encountered :— 
Roor Ditsrase.—‘ Foot Rot,” caused by Phytophthora 
terrestria. Chiefly attacks old sweet-seedling groves, and is 
rarely found where the sour orange stock has been raised, as this 
appears very resistant to attacks. It first appears in the collar 
or in the main roots, just below the surface of the soil. The 
decaying bark has the appearance of being water-soaked and a 
watery gum is found beneath it. Diseased parts are cut out 
and the wounds painted with an antiseptic. The use of seedlings 
of the sour orange stock is the best way to prevent the 
appearance of this disease. 
Stem Diszeases.—“ Withertip,” caused by Colletotrichum 
gloeosporioides. Attacks the twigs and branches, especially of 
lime and lemon varieties. It appears as a withering and dying 
back of the twigs and branches. Pruning is recommended, and 
some growers spray with Bordeaux Mixture (4-4-50) directly 
after winter pruning. 
“ Gummosis,” cause at present unknown. Appears generally: 
on sweet oranges and grapefruit varieties. Appears as an 
exudation of gum and the formation of characteristic spots on 
the trunk and large branches. The treatment recommended is 
the removal of the dead and diseased bark down to the healthy 
oe treat with an antiseptic and cover with tar or whitelead 
ain 
oe " Dieback. ” At present the cause of this disease is not 
nown. 
“Sealy Bark” is caused by Cladosporium herbarum, var. 
cttricolum. Spraying with Bordeaux Mixture (5-5-20) is 
recommended. 
Lear Disease.— Melanose”’ is caused by Phomopsis citri. 
Fruit Diseases.— Fruit Rot,’ caused by Colletotrichum 
gloeosporioides. Causes an anthracnoselike spotting of the 
fruit: An ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate is recom- 
mended and must be applied every ten days until the disease 
is under control. 
ruit Canker,” caused by Pseudomonas citri, was generally 
reported, but has been got under control by a well-organised 
State campaign and quarantine. It appears on the fruit and 
young twigs as characteristic light brown spots 1/16th-} in. in 
diameter, occurring singly or in groups and coalescing. On the 
leaves it appears as watery spots. All attacked trees must be 
destroyed. 
* Cit Bi vased: b Cladosporium citrt. 
Shen Ayia egy 2 g are the commonest :—Citrus 
