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3000 ft. altitude. Some collectors report that its presence can 
be detected at once by the characteristic odour emitted, which 
is not unpleasant, other collectors state that they have always 
detected it first by sight, whilst in one report the odour of the 
grass, when grown in any quantity, is stated to be so offensive 
that human beings cannot live near it. 
It is found growing with other and coarser grasses in virgin 
country, but on abandoned farm land Efwatakala rapidly spreads 
and establishes itself almost to the exclusion of all other vegeta- 
tion. There seems no doubt that horses, mules and cattle 
prefer this grass, especially when it is young and tender, to 
the other grasses growing in association with it. In Angola from 
October to the end of May it forms an excellent pasture, and 
Mr. Dawe reports that in August, which is the dry season, it is 
often the only grass that retains its verdure on open and exposed 
lands. 
But apart from this grass providing a pasturage, Mr. Dawe 
considers its bearing on the tsetse fly problem to be of even more 
importance, and it is mainly on this account that it has seemed 
desirable to give as full an account of it as possible in the Bulletin. 
He fully appreciates that it would not be a practical proposition — 
to recommend dealing with heavily wooded areas or swamp 
forest, but in those areas which are less heavily wooded, the 
removal of scrub and trees and the initial planting of the grass 
will enable it to establish and maintain itself naturally in almost 
pure stretches. Such districts are found in the uplands of 
San Salvador do Congo, Canda and Damba, and there there 
would seem to be a definite possibility for converting fly-infested 
areas to cattle raising lands of first importance. There are 
suitable areas in Nigeria, the Gold Coast and Sierra Leone which, 
could the tsetse fly be eradicated, would enable the cattle 
industry to be developed to an important degree, not only as 
regards local consumption, but also in supplying steamers and 
even an export trade to Europe, whilst the employment of 
horses in areas, where they cannot live at present, would assist 
in the difficult problem of internal transport. 
The method advocated for introducing Efwatakala is through 
a rotation of maize, cotton, beans or groundnuts, after which a 
sowing of the grass will enable it to be established; isolated 
trees and palms need not be cleared but the grass could be sown 
around them. 
That the natives of the Portuguese Congo have a knowledge of 
its insecticidal and preventive properties is shown by their 
practice of making nests for their sitting fowls and using it as 
bedding for dogs when about to give birth to young, as it prevents 
the fowls and dogs being attacked by fleas. They also use the 
fresh grass for cleaning their clothes made from the fibre of the 
Raphia palm. In South America, as has been stated above, 
the grass is known to be repugnant to ticks, and cattle fed on 
this grass are reported to be much less subject to ticks although 
