180 



distinct trunks that have the greatest economic value, and it is 

 to them that these notes are specially directed, 



C. florida, L. 



The wood is heavy^ hard, and close-grained, usually yellowish 

 in colour when young but brown from old trees. It bears a 

 resemblance to boxwood^ and is sometimes used for wood-engrav- 

 ing. Its chief use, however, is for turnery, and it is employed 

 for shuttles, spindles, cotton reels, tool handles, cogs of wheels, 

 hubs of wheels, etc., whilst it also provides very good charcoal. 

 It is imported into this country cut into blocks ready for shuttles 

 and spindles, the ends of the blocks being covered with wax to 

 prevent shakes or checks. 



C. Kousa, Buerg. 



timber 



wood is not uulike that of C. ftorida. It is a native of Central 

 China and Japan, where it is found as a small tree with a decided 

 trunk. The wood could probably be used for turnery. 



C. macrophylla, Wall. 



This tree inhabits the forests of the Himalaya, China, Corea 

 and Japan, and is frequently found from 40-60 ft. high with a 

 trunk upwards of 12 in. in diameter. The wood has been used 

 for cabinet work and turnery, and Gamble in "A Manual of 

 India Timbers," p. 390, says that it ''gives good gunpow^der 

 charcoal." 



C. Mas, L. — Cornelian Cherry, Cornel. 



Throughout the greater part of Europe and in certain parts of 

 Western Asia this species is found wild, its place being taken in 

 Eastern Asia by C. officinalis, Sieb. & Zucc, the two species being 

 more distinct geographically than botanically. Under normal 

 conditions they form small trees or large bushes 15-25 ft. high 

 with trunks or main branches 6-9 ins. in diameter. The wood 

 is used in Europe for hayforks, walking sticks, staves for ladders, 

 tool handles (more particularly for picks and hammers), vine 

 stakes, batchers' skewers, fuel and gunpowder charcoal. The 



sometimes 



same 



way as w-illow rods. As the wood is 

 liard and close-grained it could be used for turnery ; moreover, it 

 takes a very good polish. The wood is pale yellow when young, 

 the heart-wood of old plants being brown. A dye obtained from 

 the wood was at one time used by the Turks for dyeing their fezes. 



C. Nuttallii, Audub. 



The wood is hard, strong, and fine-grained, the sap-wood 

 creamy-white and the heart-wood brown. It is used for turnery, 

 tool handles, mallets, cabinet-making, metal spinners' forms and 

 for other purposes. A section in Museum No. 1, at Kew, is 



marked 



guinea, L.— Dosrwood, H 



W 



ri-i 



It is found wild in the British Isles, and usually grows ii bush 



