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XXIII.—THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DISEASES IN 
THE ECONOMY OF MALAYAN RUBBER 
PLANTATIONS. E 
A. SHARPLES, 
My cologiat, Department of Agriculture, Federated Malay States. 
The fungus diseases of Hevea brasiliensis have been actively 
inv estigated during the last six years. ‘The situation in Malaya, 
where rubber is practically the only agricultural product, leds 
itself to intensive research, and patho logical investigations over 
several years have been confined i observations on Hevea brasi- 
liensis. Much information has been gained regarding the action 
of fungi attacking rubber trees, especially since 1918, but it is 
only during the last twelve months that a nemmernee regarding 
the’ ultimate effect of disease upon the econ 
on fungus diseases of cheep brasiliensis will be better realised 
if taken in chronological cr 
At the beginning of 1913 ellen the writer reached Malaya the 
only serious troubles were those caused by the root fungus, 
Fomes lignosus, Klotasch, and by ind ite Ants. The diethack 
caused by Diplodia cacarivela, P. Henn., had been investigated 
thoroughly by Bancroft (1) but this Shsodine had never caused 
alarm on the plantations. During 1913 the chiet feature on 
art da plantations was the fepid. spread of Pink disease and 
e absence of bark diseases; the latter had been investigated in 
3 Coyne by Petch and in Java by Rutgers, and shown by the latter 
to assume serious proportions on some rubber plantations in 
sav: a. 
In 1914 Mr. F. T. Brooks was appointed Mycologist to the 
Department of Agriculture, Federated Malay States, ll an 
Zonata as the cause or a wack and collar dinonie on Hevea basi 
