257 
There are many more essential oils; some orders of plants, 
particularly Labiatae, Lauraceae, Compositae and U mbelliferae, 
being very rich in them, but the more important ones are men 
tioned in the above list. 
GUMS, GUM RESINS AND RESINS. 
Gum Arabic (Acacia arabica, Willd. and Acacia Senegal, 
Willd.). 
Brrrisu.—India, Egypt, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Nigeria, &c. 
Forre1cn.—Morocco, Senegal, &c. 
The total amount of gum-arabic imported into the United 
Kingdom from all sources was, in 1913, 113,274 ewts., value 
£229,791, and in 1915 150,282 cwts., value £255, 092 
. Acacia Senegal is a tree native of Senegal, widely distributed 
in Tropical Africa and cultivated in India. In Kordofan the 
gum is obtained from both wild and cultivated trees, and the 
Arabic name of the best quality there is ‘‘ Hashab.’’ This tree 
yields the true gum-arabic of commerce ne se Fe as 
‘4 Kordofan, ” “ Picked Turkey,”’ ‘‘ White Senaar’’ or ‘* Senegal 
Gum,’ ’ oraded according to colour, size and general aupeaadite 
Acacia arabica is a tree widely distributed in Tropical Africa, 
India, &. It yields a ge ti pet of the gum-arabic of, 
commerce, chiefly ‘‘ Moro ‘“Mogador’’ or ‘‘ Brown 
Barbary ” and “ Hast infin” ” (so-called because it comes into 
commerce from Aden and the Red Sea ports via rear l 
An inferior sort known as ‘‘Suakim”’ or ‘‘ Talki’ 
obtained from Acacia Seyal, ae one of the principal Acacias 
yielding gum inthe Nile regio 
The inferior quality enue complained of in certain sup- 
plies of gum-arabic may be due to a mixture of inferior sorts or 
inefficient grading. Variation in quality is also sometimes 
attributed to climate, soil, seasons, &e. 
most important centres of the t rade in gum-arabie are 
Bensetdos and Kordofan, and the Seto markets are (or have 
been) Antwerp, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Hamburg, Havre, Liver- 
pool, London, Marseilles, Melbourne, New York and Trieste. 
Confectioners are probably the largest users.* 
Further particulars regarding gum-arabic and gtisa 4 gums are 
to be er in K.B. Add. Ser. ix. Part ii. p. 288, and in K.B., 
1910, p. 133. 
Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer, Lab.; A. eriostylus, 
Boiss. and Haussk.; A. adscendens, Boiss. and Haussk.; A. 
a ago Fisch.; A. microcephalus, Willd., and other 
species). 
Foreian. ined shrubs native of mountainous districts in 
Asia Minor, Persia, Syria and Greece. Smyrna and Basra are 
important trade centres in the countries of production, and the 
principal markets in Europe are London, Marseilles, Trieste, &c. 
See also K.B., 1895, "O88. : = 
B 
