278 
PAPER-MAKING MATERIALS. 
Esparto (Stipa tenacissima, L.); part used, the plant-culms 
and leaves. 
Forrign.—Spain, Algeria, Tunis, Tripoli. 
An important fibre for paper-making. The imports in 1913 
amounted to 204,957 tons; in 1914, 183,144 tons; in 1915, 137,538 
tons; and in 1916, 149,358 tons; the average current prices on the 
15th of December of each year mentioned being £3 5s. to £5 per 
ton, £3 10s. to £5 10s., £4 to £6, and £5 7s. 6d. to £6 2s. 6d. 
(based on a sea freight of 60s. per ton) per ton respectively (see 
Messrs. Ide & Christie’s Monthly Circular). — 
Britisu.—Newfoundland, Canada. Forreign.— Norway, 
Sweden. 
The imports of Mechanical (Wet) Wood Pulp into the United 
Kingdom in 1915 included trom Canada 37,501 tons, value 
£115,469; from Newfoundland, 25,232 tons, value £71,245. The 
principal foreign sources for this class of pulp are Russia (no 
5), ‘ 
‘“* Mechanical Dry,” chiefly foreign sources, Russia, Sweden, 
orway, &c., were imported in the same year to an extent of more 
than 400,000 tons, value exceeding £3,800,000 (see Annual 
Statement, Trade of the United Kingdom, i. 1916, p- 184). 
Hedychium coronarium, Koln., a plant of the Natural Order 
Zingiberaceae, native of India; distributed to Ceylon, Malacca, 
Central America, West Indies, West Africa, Mauritius, &c., 
naturalised in Brazil. 
This plant, as a new source of paper-pulp, has been investi- 
gated by Messrs. Clayton Beadle & Stevens, 15, Boro., London 
Bridge. The experiments were made with dried material from 
Brazil, and with fresh stems grown in the Royal Botanic 
Gardens, Kew, and later with a supply of dried material from 
the Royal Botanic Garden, Sibpur, Calcutta (see A.B. 1912, 
p. 373; 1914, p. 165; and 1917, p. 104, for detailed accounts). 
Amomum hemisphaerica, K. Schum., native of Jay 
Alpinia nutans, Rosc., found in Hong Kong, Eastern Hima- 
laya, Malay Peninsula, and the West Indies. Also in Guate- 
mala, Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil, Formosa, and Cochin China. 
Both these plants are similar in habit to the above-mentioned, 
and have also been investigated by Messrs. Clayton Beadle & 
Stevens for paper-making (see K.B., 1912, p, 377). 
; the Kew Reports, 1874-1880, some particulars of the follow- 
ing plants for paper-making are given : — 
Lygeum Spartum, ‘‘ Esparto Grass,’’ 1876, p. 24; 1877, p. 37; 
Stipa (Macrochloa) tenacissima, ‘‘ Esparto,’’ 1876, p. 24; 1877, 
