292 
English Elm is often low priced on account of much of the timber 
being hedge or park grown and rough, but it also suffers in com- 
parison with imported wood from the latter being imported 
cheaply and partly worked. Elm of the very best quality 1s 
however, grown in the British Isles, and a great deal more could 
be produced. 
Beech (Fagus spp.). 
. Brrrisu.—British Isles, Canada. Forrign.—Germany and 
other European countries, United States of America. 
Beech is one of the most generally useful of hard woods. Timber 
of the very best quality is grown in the British Isles, particularly 
on chalky soils, and it is probable that all the required wood could 
be grown in the country. It is used extensively for chair 
making; is one of the most popular of woods for the backs of 
brushes, is largely used for the panels of pianos and other 
articles, whilst it is used for innumerable small articles such as 
children’s hoops, malt shovels, butchers’ trays, bowls, spoons, 
spades, &e. Wood of Nothofagus spp., from 8. Chile, could be 
used for some of the same purposes. For other information 
19. 
upon beech wood see A.B. 1911, p. 108 
Spanish or Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa, Mill.). 
Britisn.—British Isles. Forrran.—France, Spain, Corsica, 
United States of America. 
The wood is very much like Oak in appearance, and can be 
substituted for it for many purposes. It 1s used extensively for 
heavy building work, fences, and in some places for pit props. 
Tannin is extracted from the wood in Corsica. The wood of trees 
low 50 years of age is usually the most valuable when grown 12 
the British Isles, for the wood of older trees is often badly injured » 
by ring shake. 
Lime, Linden, Basswood (Vilia spp.). 
Britisn.—British Isles. ForriGan.—United States of America. 
The wood is used for sounding boards of musical instruments, 
carving, turnery, and for kitchen and dairy requisites. 
Cherry (Prunus spp.) 
BritisH.—British Isles. Forrtan.—United States of America. 
Cherry wood was at one time in great demand for the manufac- 
ture of furniture, but it has now been largely displaced by birch, 
mainly by reason of a regular supply not being forthcoming. It 
cherry wood were more extensively grown there is reason to su 
pose that it would again become popular. Much of that at present 
marketed is used for turnery. Young straight sticks are in 
demand for walking sticks and umbrella handles, whilst a certain 
quantity of wood is required annually for tobacco pipes. _ Infor- 
a regarding American cherry wood is given in K.B. 1911, 
ee 
