38 



Canada, United States — cooler parts. Rape seed is well-known 

 for feeding cage-birds and poultry. Oil expressed from tlie seed 

 when refined used as food, but its chief use usually under the 

 name " Colza " is for burning and lubricating; cake used for 

 feeding cattle. In the last three mentioned countries the green 

 plant is grown chiefly for forage, as a soiling crop for steers or 



young stock, the pasturing of hogs and sheep, and also recom- 

 mended for ensilage. Rape, amongst other plants, is advised 

 in Bd. of Agric. Special Leaflet, No. 30, 1915, for pig-feeding, 

 both as a pasturing and soiling crop. The variety grown for 

 forage is chiefly "Dwarf Essex," and in all probability the 

 names "Broad-leaved Dwarf Essex," Broad-leaf Winter Rape," 

 11 Giant," &c, are synonymous. 



2. May, 1917, "Rape Pastures," pp. 182-187. 



3a- No. 28, 1916, " Rape," p. 4; ' f Rye and Rape mixed," 



p. 5. 



Brassica alba, Hook. f. § Thorns., While Mustard. B. nigra, 

 Koch. ; Black or Brown Mustard. European Mustard, Grocer's 

 Mustard. 



Annuals, 1 to 4 ft. France — Alsace (Viknorin) and Southern 

 Europe, Germany, Holland, Asia Minor, Abyssinia (Fl. Troi». 

 Afr.); England — Eastern Counties near the Fens and bordering 

 the Wash, more particularly "Black"; the ""White is grown 

 chiefly in Essex and Cambridge. The powdered seeds of the 

 two species are used in the preparation of table mustard, usually 

 husked before grinding in England, ground whole in France, 

 the flour made from the whole seed being the more pungent of 

 the two. " Charlock " (Brassica Sinapistrum, Boiss.) seeds are 

 sometimes used as a substitute for those of the true mustard, and 

 possibly also those of B. juncea. The following decision of 

 the Board of Food and Drug Inspection of the United States 

 I)ept. of Agriculture in reference to this form of adulteration 

 was noted in the Board of Trade Journal, Oct. 12, 1911: — 

 "It is the opinion of the Board that when charlock is 

 substituted in part for mustard the label should clearly indicate 

 this fact. A condiment prepared from mustard or mustard 

 flour and charlock with salt, spices and vinegar is not " Prepared 

 Mustard,' but, provided a greater quantity of must ard than of 

 charlock is used, it should be called 'Prepared Mustard and 



Charloek.'" 



The White Mustard is commonly grown for salad and as green 

 fodder for sheep. 



2. Dec. 189G, " Cultivation of Mustard in England, " p. 301. 

 Feb. M6, "The Growing of Mustard Seed," pp. 1134-1136. 



3a. No. 28, 1910, "White Mustard" p. 4: X<>. 58, 1916, 

 " White Mustard/' 



Brassica rugosa, Pram; Cabbage Mustard, Chinese Cabbage 



Mustard, Chinese Cabbage-leaved Mustard. 



Annual, 4 to 6 ft. China, India — a rold weather crop in West, 

 Central and East Himalaya (Watt). Cultivated as a vegetable 

 and for the sake of the oil obtained from the seeds. 



