80 



■ 



branches of trees in the mud of the sea" (Useful PL Japan 

 (Agric Soc, Japan, Tokyo), 1895, p. 37); or "slender bushy 

 twigs are planted in regular rows in shallow and brackish water, 

 enough space being left between the rows to permit the passage 

 of canoes' 5 (Postelsia, Minnesota, 1901, p. 9); also common 

 on the coasts of Britain, as "Layer" it has been sold in Swan- 

 sea for making a kind of bread (Mus. Kew) and in other parts 

 of the British Isles is commonly collected and used as a vege- 

 table. "Ceylon Moss" {Gracilaria lichenoides, J. Ag.), found 

 on rocks in the Indian and Malayan Sees, is collected and 



made into jelly* "Carrageen Moss" or "Irish Moss" 

 [Chondrus crispus, Lyngb.j, abundant on the rocky coasts of 

 Britain, is collected in Scotland and Ireland for cattle feeding, 

 and it has been used recently in hospitals as a substitute for 

 Isinglass, " Tengusa " (Getidium spp.j is used after special 

 preparation for food in Japan, where it is manufactured into 

 "Agar-agar," "Kanten," or "Japanese Isinglass." 



It is convenient here to mention the Lichens — "Reindeer 

 Mo>s " (Cladonia rangiferina, Hotf.), common on heaths in 

 sub-alpine, alpine and" cold regions, a winter food for reindeer 

 in Lajpland; "Iceland Moss" (Cetrarta islandica, Ach.), of 

 the frigid zones, used for food, and Lecanora esculenta, 

 Eversni., the " Manna " oi the Bible, common in Persia, 

 deserts .of the East and North Africa, often forming drifts 

 several inches deep in valleys and collected by the inhabitants 

 for food (Mus. Kew). 



Fungi. 

 Agaricus canipestris, Linn.; Common Mushroom. 



Abundant in fields in Europe and cultivated in Paris and at 

 home for market — a well-known esculent. 



2. June, 1896, " The Mushroom Industry of Paris," p. 59; 

 Jan. 1906, "Mushroom Spawn Making," pp. 592-596; Feb. 



to June, 1910, " Edible and Poisonous Fungi," with coloured 

 plates (issued in pamphlet form); April, 1913, "" The Culti- 

 vation of the Mushroom," pp. -30-33; Julv, 1917, "The Nutri- 

 tive Value of Edible Fungi/ 5 pp. 416-419. 



3. No. 276, 1914, "The Cultivation of the Mushroom. 



Hirneola polytricha, Mont.; Jew's Ear Fungus. 



k fungus found on wood in New Zealand, India, Java, &c. 



Large quantities are exported from New Zealand to China. 

 where it is also cultivated for food. 



1. 1890, "An Edible "Fungus of New Zealand," pp. 217-220. 



Tuber aestivom 9 Vitt.; T. meianosporum, Vitt.; Truffles. 



A tuberous-like fungus included in Ascomycetes, found a few 

 iuches underground in Oak, Elm, and Ash fore ts, the first- 

 mentioned in England — Hampshire, Kent, Sussex and Wiltshire 



and the latter in the wanner parts of France and Germany. 

 Perigord in France is the most important source of supply to 

 the United Kingdom ; the truffles are found hy pigs specially 

 trained for the purpose. 



