3 
Lutypella.* They are so similar that’ some of them (in the 
absence of the ascophorous stage) can scarcely be distinguished 
‘from one another, unless it be by the colour of the tendril, especially 
when they are said to occur on hosts belonging to several different 
genera. Many, but not all, of these latter allegations no doubt 
refer to collective species (biologically, at least, distinct), but 
some of them are merely inherited from the past and are the 
result of confused identification or desultory examination. 
Occasionally the perfect (ascophorous) stage may be found, if 
looked for, in close company with the pycnidial stage, in which 
case there may be no uncertainty. When both occur, it some- 
times happens. that the Cytospora-stage has been parasitic, and 
is succeeded by the mature ascophorous stage on the dead host. 
The two forms of fruit are more rarely produced simultaneously, 
though of course their periods may overlap. 
When. more is known about them (but the time is not yet), 
the species may perhaps be separated into is sections, following 
von Hohnel in Annal. Mycol. 1918, p. 130 
(i) Hucytospora (belonging to Valsa rece. Euvalsa Nits.), 
not possessing a special basal stroma, so that the pycenidial 
chambers are merely immersed in the little changed matrix; 
e.g. C. Abietis, C. ambiens, C. Capreae, C. ceratophora, C. chryso- 
sperma, C.. Curreyi, C. germanica, C. leucosperma, C. Pini, 
C. pruinosa, C. Rosarum, C.. Salicis. 
(ii) Leucocytospora (belonging to Leucostoma, Eutypella. and 
Valsella), provided when mature with a special basal stroma, 
which usually shows as a dark line underlying and surrounding 
the loculi, and delimiting the part occupied by the stromatic 
mass from the other more a less unchanged matrix ; e.g. C. cincta, 
C. Kunzei, C. guttifera, C. leucostoma, C. nivea, C. Pru runorum, 
C.rubes When this basal stroma is well-marked and closely 
adherent, it forms what Fries called the ‘“‘ conceptacle,” but not 
infrequently it is at some distance from the loculi; moreover 
this possession of a “‘ conceptacle ”’ seems to be dependent, to 
a certain extent, upon the circumstances of growth, and cannot 
always be trusted as a guide 
In examining a Cytospora, in order to decide this and other 
points, sections should be cut a as Diedicke recom- 
mends, but not necessarily, with a dry. razor) both vertically 
and horizontally at different stan For the latter purpose the 
pustules may be best cut in situ. It must be remembered that, 
unless one can find the Valsa and the Cytospora growing in inti- 
mate association as in C. germanica, or can cultivate the one from 
the other, the naming of some of the Cytosporas may still involve 
* It will be seen ait of the species. recorded below, exactly one-half 
have an ascophorous st. assigned to them, though i git T several cases with 
Suestangaraad doubt ; for tt he — half, there is i 
