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9 
Among a specimen on twigs of Tilia from Scotland, I found a 
Valsa with much smaller spores than V. ambiens : asci 40-50 x 
7-8 p, spores 12-12-5 x 2-5-3 yw. Therefore the latter case is 
probable, and it will be best ad interim, in the absence of cultural 
proof, to confine the name carphosperma to the form on Tilia, 
placing those on Pyrus under C. ambiens or elsewhere. 
Distrib. Europe generally. 
C. ceratophora Sacc. Syll. iii. 268.  Allesch. vi. 572. Died. 
p. 342. 
Stromata densely scattered, pustular, depressed-conical or 
convex, 500-750 y» diam., covered, then erumpent by a very small 
grey disc marked with a single black ostiole, plurilocular, with 
dark-olive contents; pycnidial walls several cells thick, of narrow 
olivaceous prosenchymatous cells; no conceptacle. Spores 
4-5 X 1; sporophores simple or verticillately branched, acicular, 
20-50 x 
On branches of Castanea, Quercus, Ulmus, ete. Kew Gardens ; 
Middlesex ; Warwickshire; Cheshire; Ayrshire, etc. Sept.—Nov. 
The pycnidial stage of Valsa ceratophora Tul. 
The Warwickshire specimens were in company with a beautiful 
series of V. ceratophora, on dead shoots of the previous summer, 
sent up from the stool of a felled oak, Earlswood, Sept. 1917. 
These shoots had prematurely died owing to a severe attack of 
the oidial stage of M icrosphaera alphitoides Griff. & Maubl., 
following on defoliation in the spring by larve of Tortrix viridana. 
On the Continent this Cytospora is recorded also on Carpinus, 
Fraxinus, Rosa (C. Rose Fckl.), Sorbus, etc., ete. Lind assigns 
to it “ olivaceous tendrils.” 
Distrib. Europe generally. 
C. chrysosperma Fr. Syst. Myc. ii. 542. Cooke, Handb. 
pp. 462, 822. Sacc. Syll. iii. 260. Allesch. vi. 591. Died. p. 
353. N aemospora chrysosperma Pers. Syn. p. 108. 
Stromata somewhat scattered, often flattened, but sometimes 
acutely conical, upto 2mm. wide, covered, then erumpent by a 
cinereous-black disc, olivaceous-cinereous within; wa of 
loculi thick, very dark, subsclerotial, parenchymatous ; loculi 
often irregular, no distinct conceptacle. Spores 4-5 x 1 p, issuing 
in long, large, copious, golden or yellow tendrils; sporophores 
filiform, somewhat branched, 10-15 x 1 
On living and dead bark of species of Populus (P. alba, balsam- 
ifera, deltoides, nigra, cigs tremula, etc.) England, Scotland, 
Ireland; very common. May-Sept. The pycnidial stage of 
Valsa sordida Nits. 
It causes a serious disease of Poplars in this country, and 
even more so in the United States, where great attention is 
directed to it. The Cytospora stage flourishes best during a wet 
summer, and then in the autumn the Valsa stage may be found 
in plenty on the thicker branches. When at its best, the stromata 
