CREPIN ON DAVARFISM AND ATROPHY — GISSING ON TEESDALE. 151 



charncters, with those of true species, but an experienced eye soon per- 

 ceives that this is an error, and that a single cause has alone produced all 

 the differences. 



Ag;iin a fifth cause, allied more or less closely to giantism or hyper- 

 trophy, profoundly modifies the/ac/6^s of specific types — disjunction — that is 

 to say, the division more or less deep of the foliaceous or floral organs. 

 What multitudes of new species have we not seen created in our own days 

 from variations due to disjunction ! It may be objected that the theory which 

 I have here broached, is not founded upon any positive experiment, that 

 it is based only on hypothesis, and that a contrary hypothesis may with 

 equal reason hold good. If I have advanced this theory, it is only because 

 I believe it to be supported both by the observation of facts in nature, and 

 by certain experiments which appear to me conclusive. For the rest it is 

 not new ; already have some of our highest savans advanced it ; but they, 

 going too far in their deductions, have materially compromised the cause 

 of truth, and their antagonists have thus rejected all which they have pre- 

 mised, confounding facts with hypotheses and problematical ideas. One 

 thing which still retards the acceptance of these principles of deduction, is 

 the manner in which certain botanists of advanced age systematically op- 

 pose the dismemberment of the infinity of old species, rushing into the 

 opposite excess of re-uniting under the same name, many excellent types 

 which certainly ought to remain distinct, and which will do so in spite of 

 them, because they are true types. 



Rochefort, 17th Aug., 1864. 



FLOWERS IN TEESDALP: IN JUNE. 



By T. W. Gissing. - 



Although Teesdale is a district that has been pretty well worked bo- 

 tanically, it may be interesting to some collectors, more particularly the 

 younger ones, to know what plants were to be found in flower there at the 

 beginning of last June. I have only given localities in a very general 

 way, because of the unscrupulous abuse of the knowledge of the exact 

 place of growth by some men, who, from their position and botanical 

 knowledge, ought to be more careful of their own reputation, and of the 



