1897. 



PLIOCENE FLINT-FLAKES IN BURMA. 



239 



of the strata actually cropping out at pleateau level, that the chipped 

 flints were found ; and it is from this that Mr. Oldham imagines them 

 to be scattered over the plateau. 



I mentioned above that the conglomerates generally contained 

 vertebrate remains, and in collecting such I examined their outcrop 

 very carefully. The extended bed at the base of the Irrawaddi 

 Division afforded special opportunities, owing to the length of its 

 outcrop, and while thus searching for fossils I discovered the flint- 

 flakes. 



It will, however, be useful to describe the locality where the find 

 was made, as exactly as is possible without reference to the map. On 

 the eastern side of the Yenangyoung dome the ferruginous con- 

 glomerate runs for a considerable distance along the eastern slope of 

 a gully which has a north-and-south direction, and which, by a low 

 ridge, is divided into two sections, one draining northwards and the 

 other southwards. As is usual in this part of the country, the ravines 

 very quickly attain a considerable depth, the slopes becoming very 

 steep, so that they are often impracticable. While following the 



Fig. 2. — Diagrammatic Section across the ravine in which, at x, the Molar 



of HiPPOTHERIUM ANTELOPINUM AND THE CHIPPED FLINTS WERE FOUND. 



{a). Pliocene. Zone of Mastodon latidens and Hippopotamus irravadicus. 

 (b). Pliocene, Zone of Hippotheyium antelopitium and Acerotherium perimense. (Ferru- 

 ginous conglomerate). 

 {c). Miocene. Yenangyoung stage. 



course of the ferruginous conglomerate, I was obliged, owing to the 

 steepness of the slope, to walk along the edge of the plateau above, 

 and while doing so I noticed, about 40 to 50 feet below, a ledge of con- 

 siderable extent formed by the ferruginous conglomerate. The situation 

 was therefore thus : the strata dipping east at about 30° were cut 

 into in the direction of the strike by a deep ravine with a steep, some- 

 times nearly vertical, slope on the eastern side, along which the 

 ferruginous conglomerate cropped out. At one particular locality all 

 the soft, sandy beds had been removed from the edge of the plateau 

 down to the surface of the ferruginous conglomerate, and being softer 

 than the latter the erosion had worked quicker above than below the 

 ferruginous conglomerate, (see Fig. 2). 



The exposure of this conglomerate measured, so far as I recollect, 

 60 to 80 feet, in a north-and-south direction, and 25 to 30 



