Hepallca. KANUNCULACE^. 13 



A.* quinquef olia, L.i A span to a foot high : radical leaf and the three of the involucre 

 3-foliolate or by the division of the lateral leaflets often 5-foliolate ; divisions or leaflets 

 from obovate-cuueate or rhombic-ovate to lanceolate-oblong, mostly acute or acuminate, 

 serrate or somewhat incised ; the lateral ones commonly 2-parted or completely divided and 

 middle one 3-cleft : sepals from white, or with purplish tinge outside, to pale violet or blue : 

 akenes puberulent, tapering into the short recurving style. — Spec. i. 541 ; Bart. Fl. N. A. 

 ii. 10, t. 39 ; Britton, 1. c. 225. A. nemnrosa of Amer. authors, but differing from the European 

 species in its generally smaller flowers, less incised leaves and more slender stem and 

 petioles. A. pedata, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 361, & in Desv. Jouru. Bot. i. 230 (1808) ; 

 DC. Syst. i. 214. A. minima, DC. 1. c. 206. A. Grayi, Behr, BuU. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. 5. 

 A. nemorosa, var. Grayi, Greene, Fl. Francis. 295, a broad-leaved Pacific form with white or 

 pale blue flowers. — Open woods. New Brunswick to coast of Brit. Columbia ; in the 

 Atlantic States to the mountains of Georgia ; fl. early spring. 



Var.* Oregana, Robinson, n. var. Leaflets obovate to oval-oblong and olrtusish, 

 undivided, unequally or sparingly serrate or slightly incised : flowers rather short-pednncled : 

 sepals bright blue, oval or oblong, larger than in the typical form half to three fourths inch 

 long: filaments also blue and longer than in the type. — A. Oregana, Gray, Froc. Am. Acad, 

 xxii. 308. A. cyanea, Freyn, Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. viii. 176. A. Grayi, Britton, 1. c. 226, 

 in part, not Behr. — Open woods, on both sides of the Columbia River, Klikitat Co., Wash- 

 ington, Suksdorf; about the Hood River, Mrs. Barrett ; on Mt. Adams, Henderson. A 

 striking and beautiful variety or perhaps species, apparently intergrading, however, both 

 with typical form and the following. 



Var.* Lyallii, Robinson, n. var. Dwarfish : leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, more 

 obtusely toothed than in the type: flowers usually very small, white or pale blue, a third to 

 half inch in diameter. — A. Lyallii, Britton, 1. c. 227. — From Portland, Oregon, Henderson, 

 and the Willamette Valley, Cusick, to Vancouver Isl., Macoun, and Salmon River, Brit. 

 Columbia, Dawson. Very similar forms are common in the Redwoods of California, Bolander. 

 A.* trifolia, L. Usually larger than the preceding species : involucral leaves with rare 

 exceptions regularly 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate rather regularly serrate, large, in 

 well developed specimens 2 to 3 inches in length, and more tlian an inch in breadth ; radical 

 leaves subsimilar to the involucral but sometimes 5-foIiolate : peduncle long and slender, 

 usually more than 2 inches in length: flowers large, 15 to 16 lines in diameter: sepals 

 white or pinkish : carpels in a globular head, much as in the preceding species. — Spec. i. 

 540; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iv. t. 48; Britton, 1. c. 226 ; Vail, Mem. Torr. Club, ii. 33, t.4 

 Millspaugh, Fl. W. Va. 319; Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 22. A. lancifolia, Pursh, Fl. 

 ii. 386. A. nemorosa, var.. Gray, Am. Nat. vii. 422. — Mountains of S. Pennsylvania and 

 Virginia, Curtlss, Small, Heller, to Georgia, Chapman. (Eu.) The American plant does 

 not differ by any constant or satisfactory character from the European, which is regarded 

 as a good species. It appears, however, in some instances to intergrade or perhaps hy- 

 bridize with A. quinquefolia. 



3. HEPATIC A, Dill. Liverleaf, (Latinized from T^TrartKo's, aflfecting or 

 belonging to the liver, suggested by the shape of the leaf.) — Acaulescent low 

 perennials (of the northern hemisphere) ; with elongated and villous or at length 

 glabrate petioles and peduncles from a short crown or caudex, 3-lobed but other- 

 wise entire leaves, and solitary blue or purple or sometimes white flowers, pro- 

 duced in earliest spring, followed later by the foliage of the season, which lasts 

 over wniter. Sepals to 9, rarely more. Akenes pubescent, tipped with very 

 short style. — Cat. Plant. Giss. App. 108; DC. Syst. i. 21.5. Anemone § Hepallca, 

 Koch, and authors ; but may be fairly well kept as a genus. 



H. triloba, Chaix. Leaves with 3 rounded or ovate and obtuse lobes; those of involucre 

 also obtuse. — Chaix in Vill. Dauph. i. 336 ; Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. 45, t. 87 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 



1 Dr. Gray regarded this and the following species as forms of the European A. nemorosa, wliile 

 tne var. Oregana he considered as distinct. In the light of recent publications and additional 

 material it seems best to modify this treatment to the one of the text. 



