Thaliclrum. KANUNCULACE^. 17 



T. poly'gamuin, Muhl. Stem tall, mostly green, glabrous, not manifestly glandular: leaf- 

 lets sometimes minutely and sparsely pubescent beneath (the hairs simple and paucicellular) : 

 panicles naked and mostly corymbose : flowers poIyganKJus, developed toward midsummer, 

 more corymbosely clustered than in the following : sepals and stamens mostly white ; the 

 latter comparatively short, erect, with strongly clavate and rugulose filaments broader than 

 the oval or oblong pointless (or rarely apiculate) anthers. — Cat. 54 (1813), & ed. 2, 56 

 (1818), with char, "smooth, polygamous." T. /)u6escens, Fursh, Fl. ii. 388, by part of char, 

 but not as to pubescence. T. coi-i/nellum, DC. Syst. i. 172; Lecoyer, 1. c. 143. T. C'orntui, 

 Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 3, partly (var. ^) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 38. T. Cornuti, Gray, Man. 

 eds. 1-5, not L., of which see below. T. leucostemon, Koch & Bouche, Ind. Sera. Hort. 

 Berol. 1854; Walp. Ann. iv. 12. — Low or wet grounds. New Brunswick and Lower Can- 

 ada to upper parts of Carolina and Florida; at the north flowering in July and Aug. 

 There are male plants with sterile ovaries, and female with some polliniferous stamens. 

 A variety (from N. New York to mountains of Carolina) has akeues rather conspicuously 

 stipitate. 



Var.* macrostylum, Robinson, n. var. Very slender : leaflets small, subentire : 

 flowers nearly dicecious, tlie fertile less numerous and in a more spreading panicle than in 

 the typical form: heads of akenes small, dense, and spherical. — T. Cornuti, var. hrevifolium, 

 Shuttleworth in herb. T. Cornuti, var. macrostijlum, Shuttleworth in distr. Rugel. T, 

 mucrostijlum, Small & Heller, Mem. Torr. Club, iii. 8. — Mountains of North Carolina to 

 Georgia, Rugel, Small & Heller. A well marked variety, but passing into the type. 



T. purpurascens, L. Stem 2 to 4 feet high or taller, often purplish : leaflets mostly 

 oblong or oblung-cuneate, more veiny and reticulated, beneatli with or without some gland- 

 less or gland-tipped minute hairs or with waxy atoms : panicles loose and more pyramidal : 

 flowers nearly dioecious (rarely with a few imperfect antiiers to the female flowers) : sepals 

 usually greenish or purplish: filaments white or purplish, capillary, yet occasionally clavel- 

 late at summit, soon drooping: anthers linear or obloug-linear, mucronate or mucronulate. 

 — Spec. i. 546, & ed. 2, i. 769 (T. Virginianum elatius glaucum, Morison) ; Gray, Man. 

 ed. 3, 39. T. purpurascens, & T. rugusum (not Ait.), Pursh, 1. c. 388, 389 ; Spreng. Pugill. i. 38. 

 T. pubescens, Pursh, 1. c. 388, in part. T. purpurascens, & T. revolutum, & partly T. Carolini- 

 anum, DC. Syst. i. 174. T. Cornuti, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 3, t. 2 (var. a), &c. T. dasgcarpum, 

 Fisch. & Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1841, 72 ; Walp. Rep. i. 13 ; Lecoyer, 1. c. 145, form 

 with akenes sparsely pubescent, and some of its ribs not rarely interrupted or branching. 

 T. revolutum, Lecoyer, 1. c. 146, the form with lower face of leaves and sometimes other 

 parts copiously glandular, the glands or waxy atoms some surmounting short hairs, some 

 sessile. This is T. purpurascens, var. ceriferum, C. F. Austin in Gray, Man. ed. 5, 39 ; but 

 all the varieties freely run together. Muhlenberg, Fl. Lancast. ms., well described the 

 species under the name of T. graveolens, on account of the heavy scent, which is greater in 

 the more glandular form. — On drier ground, Canada and Saskatchewan to Florida, Texas, 

 New Mexico, and Arizona ; fl. spring and earliest summer. 



T.* COriaceum, Small. Dioecious, 3 to 6 feet high : roots of stout bright yellow fibres : the 

 short petioles much dilated : leaflets obovate or suborbicular in outline and crenate-toothed 

 or lobed nearly as in the following, pale beneatli, thickish for the genus but scarcely at all 

 coriaceous : akenes more or less strougly stipitate. — Mem. Torr. C'lub, iv. 98. T. dioicum, 

 var. coriaceum, Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xviii. 363. — Mountains of Southwestern Virginia 

 and North Carolina, Porter, Small, Heller. 



-H- ++ Comparatively low, wholly dioecious, and the fewer cauline leaves slender-petioled : 

 leaflets with rounded and pointless lolies or teeth : akenes small (less than 2 lines long), 

 completely terete and with equal ribs ; the stigma or style deciduous. 



T. dioicum, L. Fibrous-rooted, glaucous or pale : stem a foot or two high, only 2-3-leaved : 

 leaves thrice or lowest four times ternate ; leaflets mostly .slender-petiolulate and drooping, 

 roundish and subcordate : panicles rather small and pedicels uml)ellate : flowers greenish with 

 dull purplish tinge ; the male drooping, with capillary filaments little longer than the linear 

 fuscous mucronate anthers: carpels 5 to 13 : linear stigma occupying the whole length of 

 the style and broader, much longer than the ovary: akenes strongly 10-12-costate. — Spec. 

 i. 545 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 36; Meehan, Native Flowers, i. 45, t. 12. T. Iwvigatnm, Michx. 

 Fl. i. 322. T. Carolinianum, Bosc in DC. Syst. i. 174, excl. var. — Wooded hillsides, New 



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