GENERAL KEY TO THE POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. ix 



9. FUMARIACEtE. Flowers dimerous, or unsym metrical. Sepals 2. Petals 4, 

 (in ours) erect and connivent in two dissimilar pairs. Stamens (in ours) 6, in 

 two groups of 3 each. Ovary 1-celled. 



10. CRUCIFER^. Flowers regular (except sometimes in Streptanthus). Sepals 4. 

 Petals 4, rarely wanting. Stamens 6 (rarely 4, or only 2), tetradynamous. Ovary 

 with few exceptions 2-celled by a false partition. Seeds with embryo usually 

 folded. 



++++++ Stamens indefinitely numerous or subdefinite but not diadelphous 

 nor tetradjnamous: seeds reniform, exalbuminous, with curved embryo; 

 cotyledons incumbent : leaves alternate, often palmate or dissected. 



11. CAPPARIDACE^E. Floral envelopes 4-merous, usually regular. Stamens 6 to 

 many. Ovary 1-celled (2-celled in Wislizenia and Oxystylis), often stipitate, with 

 2 or rarely more parietal placentae. Leaves entire or more commonly palmately 

 compound. 



12. RESEDACE^E. Flowers small, irregular. Sepals herbaceous, 4 to 7 (or 8), 

 more or less unequal. Petals 2 to 6, commonly cleft or toothed. Stamens 3 to 

 many, unsymmetrical, or declined, somewhat perigynous or borne upon an oblique 

 discoid expansion of the tA'us. Capsules 3-6-lobed, 1-celled ; placentae 3 to 6. 

 Introduced herbs, with entire dentate or laciniate leaves. 



++++++++ Stamens indefinitely numerous or definite ( Violacece) : seeds 

 albuminous and with rather large embryo (except in Canellaceoe). Fruit 

 when dehiscent splitting between the placenta? : leaves undivided or rarely 

 palmately lobed, opposite or alternate : stipules often present. 



13. CISTACEjE. Flowers regular, 3-5-nierous. Stamens usually numerous, free ; 

 anthers introrse. Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly septate ; placentae parietal, 3 to 5. 

 Ovules orthotropous. Leaves entire. Usually low shrubby plants. 



14. VIOLACE Ji). Floral envelopes .5-merous, irregular. Stamens 5 ; filaments 

 short or none ; the subsessile anthers connivent or connate by the union of their 

 prolonged connectives. Carpels 3. Style and stigma simple ; ovary unicellular 

 with 3 placentae ; ovules anatropous. Fruit a 3-valved capsule. Ours all herbs. 



15. CANELLACE^. Flowers regular. Sepals (in ours) 3 and petals 5. Stamens 

 monadelphous ; anthers extrorse. Ovary 1-celled ; carpels 2 to 4 ; fruit baccate. 

 Seeds campylotropous or anatropous. Trees with entire punctate aromatic leaves. 



16. BIXACE^. Flowers regular, perfect or unisexual. Sepals 2 to 6, in ours .5. 

 Petals as many, rarely more numerous or none, in ours .5. Stamens indefinite (in 

 certain foreign genera definite). Carpels 2 to many. Ovary 1-celled, or in ours 

 3-celled; ovules amphitropous or anatropous. Trees, shrubs (tropical) or ours 

 low herbs or scarcely shrubby, with alternate sometimes palmatifid leaves. 



17. FRANKENIACE^. Floral envelopes regular, perfect, 4-5(-6)-merous. Cal3-x 

 tubular, persistent. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 5 to many, free or slightly 

 connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled ; placentae 2 to 4 ; ovules anatropous. Saline 

 herbs or low shrubs with opposite leaves and small flowers. 



-,- H- H- Carpels 2 to many (very rarely solitary), united; ovary unicellular 

 or partially septate at the base or in most Flcoidece completely several- 

 celled ; placentiie axial or basal (in Fouquieria parietal but so strongly in- 



