42 RANUNCULACEiE. Copiis. 



C' laciniata, Gray. Leaves trifoliolate ; termiual leaflet very long- lateral comparatively 

 tiliort-jietiolulate ; all ovate in outline, nearly S-parted, and divisions 3-7-cleft or incised and 

 dentate, mostly acute: sepals linear-attenuate (barely half line wide at base, 4 or 5 lines 

 long : petals nearly of the following species : mature carpels longer than stipe ; seeds oval. 

 — Bot. Gaz. xii. 297. C. asplenifolia, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 375 (coll. Hall); Wats. 

 Bot. Calif, ii. 427; Lloyd Bros. 1. c. i. 196, f. 51-53.1 — Woods of Oregon, Hall, Cusick, 

 Henderson, and of N.W. California, G. R. Vasey, Rattan. 



C- aspleniifolia, Salisb. Leaves pinnately 5-foliolate ; leaflets all rather long-petiolulate, 

 mostly ovate-ublong in outline and pinnately 5-parted or divided; lowest pair of pinnaj com- 

 monly petiolulate and upper continent, all 3-5-cleft and incised (about half inch long): 

 sepals and petals filiform-attenuate, nearly equal; the latter with a thickened concave nec- 

 tary much below tlie middle : mature carpels shorter than the stipe. — Trans. Linn. Soc. 

 viii. 306; Pursh, Fl. ii. 391 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 23, t. 11. Chrysocoptis (Pterophyllum) 

 asplenifolia, Nutt. 1. c. 9. — Woods, Brit. Columbia and Alaska; first coll. by Menzies. 



Var.* biternata, E. Huth. Leaflets ternate ; lateral divisions sessile by a broad 

 base; the terminal petiolulate. — Huth in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 304. — Alaska, Sitka, AVawse 

 Bros. A variety not seen ; description translated from the original. 



13 a. Eranthis hyemalis, Salisb. {Hellehorus hyemalis, L.), the Winter 

 Aconite of Europe, a very dwarf perennial, has been found growing spon- 

 taneously near Philadelphia, a relict of former cultivation; fl. earliest spring. 



13 b. Helleborus viridis, L., Green Hellebore of Europe, has in 

 former years been found wild near Brooklyn and Jamaica, Long Island, but is 

 probably now extinct. More recently it has been sent from W. Virginia. It is a 

 low species, with palmately parted leaves having lanceolate very sharply serrate 

 divisions, and green sepals. 



H. FCETiDus, L., the Fetid Hellebore of Europe, taller, and green-flowered, is in Muhl. 

 Cat., as at Philadelphia, but only as of gardens. 



H. NIGER, L., the Christmas Rose, or Black Hellebore of Europe, — low. Math ever- 

 green and shining coriaceous pedate leaves and large white flower produced on a short scape in 

 earliest spring, the sepals enlarging and turning green in age, — has been said to grow wild in 

 the State of New York, but it is not quite hardy, and can only temporarily occur. 



14. AQUIL£1GIA, Tourn. Columbine. {Aquilegus, water-drawer. 

 The derivation from aquila, eagle, is an invention.) — Perennial herbs (of the 

 northern hemisphere), commonly glaucous ; mostly with paniculate branches ter- 

 minated by showy flowers, and 1-3-ternately compound leaves ; the leaflets 

 roundish and obtusely lobed ; flowering usually in spring or early summer. — 

 Inst. 428, t. 242 ; L. Gen. no. 450.^ — In cultivation the most diverse species 

 hybridize directly. Thus the plant figured as A. . formosa, in Hook, f . Bot. 

 Mag. t. 6552, is a hybrid of a red-flowered species, probably A. truncata, with 

 A. chrysantha. 



* Old World type, with hooked or curved spurs ; these ascending, the flower being pendulous 

 in anthesis (position in A. ecalcarata, uncertain). 



-H- More or less leafy-stemmed, 1-several-flowered. 

 A. VULGARIS, L. (European Columbine.) Flowers from blue or purple to Avliite, pretty 

 large : lamina of the petals as long as the spur, shorter than the acute sepals ; styles as 

 long as the ovary. — Spec. i. 533. — Escaped from cultivation (where often and variously 

 double-flowered) and established in some places, notably in Nova Scotia. (Nat. from Eu.) 



1 Add syn. C. occidentalis, var. Howellii, Huth, 1. c. 303. 



2 Recent literature : M. E. Jone.s, Rev. Am. Spec. Aquilegia, Zee, iv. 254-260. 



