Clmicifuga. RANUNCULACEiE. 53 



incisely cleft and toothed : hood half to three fourtlis inch long, with helmet-shaped portion 

 higher than the broad, at length much shorter than the downwardly narrowed basal portion, 

 very strongly beaked ; the beak variable, sometimes broadly subulate and porrect, some- 

 times subulate and elongated (4 or even 6 lines long) and eitlier porrect or decurved: lower 

 sepals small and oblong : follicles oblong. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 3-1 ; Wats. Bot. 

 Calif, ii. 428 ; Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 11. A. nasutum, Yiook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 26; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 12, not Fisch. & Reichenb. A. Fischeri, Regel, 

 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxiv. pt. 2, 98; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 12, not Reichenb.i — 

 Moist grounds, Brit. Columbia to California throughout the Sierra Nevada, east to the 

 Rocky Mountains, and south to those of New Mexico and Arizona. Leaves thin, commoulv 

 • rather large ; lower often 4 to 6 inches in diameter, sometimes rather small. Sometimes 

 bears bulblets in the axils of the leaves. 



A. uncinatum, L. Very smooth and glabrous up to the sliort pedicels : stem 2 or 3 feet 

 high, with summit of stem or flowering branches often declining, and paniculate rather 

 than racemose inflorescence sometimes flexuous : leaves of rather firm texture, deeply cleft 

 or the lower parted into oblong-obovate incisely dentate or sometimes laciniate divisions : 

 hood over half inch higli, strongly saccate, and with the porrect at length decurved beak 

 attaining or exceeding the length of the basal portion : lower sepals small and narrow : 

 ovaries pubescent or glabrous : follicles turgid, over half inch long. — Spec. ed. 2, i. 750 ; 

 Michx. Fl. i. 315; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1119; Reichenb. lU. Aeon. t. 35; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 43, 

 t. 16.2 A. volubile, Muhl. Cat. 52, but stem not twining. — Moist ground, along the moun- 

 tains, from Georgia to Pennsylvania (according to Torrey in Fl. N. Y. i. 21, to adjacent part 

 of New York in Chenango Co.) and Wisconsin ; fl. late summer and autumn. 



* * Stems reclining from elongated fascicled roots : hood oblong-conical, the length about 

 twice the width, soon horizontal. 



A. reclinatum, Gray. Nearly glabrous, soft in texture : stems 2 or 3 feet long, bearing 

 loose and rather few-flowered somewhat leafy racemes : leaves deeply 3-7-cleft into oblong- 

 cuneate laciniate-lobed divisions, lower long-petioled, 5 to 9 inches in diameter : flowers dull 

 white or ochroleucous, varying to purple. — Am. Jour. Sci. xlii. 34, Loud. Jour. Bot. ii. 118, 

 & Man. ed. 5, 46. — Wet woods on mountain sides, in the Alleghauies, N. Carolina to Vir- 

 ginia, first coll. by Grai/ & Carey ; fl. summer. 



17. CIMICIFUGtA, L. Bugbane, {Cimex, a bug, fugere, to drive 

 away.) — Tall perennial herbs (of northern temperate zone), nearly glabrous or 

 a little pubescent above ; with short clustered rootstocks and matted roots, ample 

 ternately and quiuately compound leaves, having incised and serrate membra- 

 naceous leaflets, and white flowers in elongated simple or paniculately clustered 

 racemes, sometimes polygamous or subdioecious ; fl. summer. — Amoen. Acad. ii. 

 354, & Mant. i. 20; Lam. 111. t. 487 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 51, t. 20.^ 



§ 1. AcTiNOSPORA, Benth. & Hook., or true Cimicifuga. Carpels and fol- 

 licles seldom solitary, compressed, membranaceous, distinctly styliferous : stigma 

 small, more or less introrse : seeds not very numerous, laterally compressed or 

 terete (not depressed), the coat squamose or squamellose. — Actinospora & Cimi- 

 cifuga, Fisch. &, Meyer, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1835, 21 ; Turcz. Fl. Baic- 

 Dahur. i. 85, 86. 



* Follicles 3 to 5 or rarely more, stipitate : seeds mostly laterally flattish ; the coat con- 

 spicuously and copiously scarious-squamose : petals or staminodes present, 1 to 5 : leaves 



1 Although Di'. Gray regarded the Amei'ican plant distinct from Reichenbach's species, it is impos- 

 sible to find satisfactory or constant technical differences, and Sir Joseph Hooker, Bot'. Mag. under 

 t. 7130, includes in A. Fischeri, Reichenb., not only A. Columbianum, Nutt., but also A. Noveboracense, 

 Gray. 



2 Meehan's Monthly, iv. 81, t. 6. 



8 Recent literature: Huth in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 310-319, 



