54 RANUNCULACE^. Cimiclfurja. 



2-3-ternate and then pinnately 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets ovate and oblong, incised and 

 dentate, or terminal one also 3-cleft, mostly acuminate. 

 C. FCETiDA, L., the original species, of N. Asia, &c., is given by Pursh as of the N. W. 



Coast, no doubt mistakenly, but tlie original, tlie var. simji/ex (V. simplex, Wormsk.), was 



from the opposite shore of Kamtschatka. It has short-pedicelled flowers and at first pubescent 



short-stipitate carpels. 



C- Americana, Michx. A yard or less high, with rather weak stem and lax elongated 

 raceme, a few shorter ones below ; leaves pale beneath : pedicels widely spreading, hardly 

 shorter than the flower and the follicles : petals 2-horued and with a concave nectariferous 

 spot below: carpels 4 or 5, shorter than their slender stipe; follicles mostly 5 lines long; 

 seeds all over about uniformly squamiferous. — Fl. i. 316 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 36; Gray, 

 Gen. 111. t. 20, f. 14-19. C. podocarpa. Ell. Sk. ii. 16. Ackea podocnrpa, DC. Syst. i. 382 ; 

 Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 66. — Moist woods of the higher AUeghanies, S. Pennsylvania to 

 Georgia ; first coll. by Michaux ; fl. August, September ; mainly hermaphrodite. 



C. laciniata, Watson. Leaves brighter green, more deeply and copiously incised and 

 cleft : racemes panicled, loosely flowered : flowers smaller and stamens much fewer : carpels 

 in flower pubescent and longer than their stipes ; follicles half inch long, twice the length 

 of the stipe; seeds apparently shorter-squamiferous on the disk. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 352. 

 — Oregon, on the flanks of Mount Hood, Mrs. Barrett, Henderson. Near C. Dahurica. 

 Flowers apparently all hermaphrodite. 



* * Follicles 1 to 3, not stipitate : seeds nearly terete : petals wanting, sometimes one or 

 two deformed stamens : style shorter, disposed to be recurved or uncinate : racemes 

 spiciform. 



C. Arizonica, Watson, 1. c. Less tall: leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate (1 to 3 inches long), 

 moderately incised and serrate : raceme (as far as seen) solitary, with pedicel much shorter 

 than the very numerous stamens : ovaries and (half inch long) follicles 2 or 3, glabrous or 

 nearly so; seeds conspicuously squamiferous. — On Bill Williams Mountain, N. Arizona, 

 Lemmon. 



C. elata, Nutt. Slender, 3 to 6 or 8 feet high : leaflets roundish and cordate, mostly 3-lobed, 

 2 to 6 inches in diameter : racemes several, slender, small-flowered : ovaries and follicles 

 1 to 3, the latter 4 or 5 lines long : stigma almost terminal on the short style : seeds minutely 

 rugose-squamellose. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 36. — Wet mountain woods of Oregon 

 and Washington, Nuttall, Hall, Hoivell, Suksdorf, &c. Approaches C. Japonica, Miq., and 

 the related species of § Pitijrosperma, which, with short-squamellose seeds, have the short 

 style surmounted by a broad and depressed terminal stigma, thus making a transition to the 

 following section. 



§ 2. Macrotrys. Carpels and follicles solitary, or rarely 2 or 3, terete and 

 ovoid, not stipitate : style extremely short, thick, the truncate summit occupied 

 by a strictly terminal depressed stigma (as in Act<ea) : seeds horizontal in a 

 double row, depressed ; the coat close, smooth and firm. — Macrotrys (abbre- 

 viation of Macrohotrys), Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352, & in Desv. Jour. Bot. ii. 

 170 (1809). Actcea § Macrotys (mistake for Macrotrys), DC. Syst. i. 383. Bo- 

 tropMs, Raf. Med. Fl. i. 85 ; Fisch. & Meyer, 1. c. 20. Olmicifuga § Macrotys, 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 



C. racemosa, Nutt. (Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh.) Stem 3 to 8 feet high: 

 leaves 2-3-ternately and then often quinately compound ; leaflets mostly ovate, of rather 

 firm texture : racemes few, virgate, rigidly erect, becoming a foot or two long : petals or 

 staminodes 1-2-horned : follicle rather shorter than the pedicel, not over quarter inch long, 

 the tip or short style abruptly recurved. — Gen. ii. 1.5; Ell. Sk. ii. 16; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 

 36 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 51, t. 20 ; Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. i. t. 21, f. 82-88. C. serpen- 

 taria, Pursh, Fl. ii. 372. Actcm racemosa, L. Spec. i. 504 (Dill. Elth. i. 79, t. 67) ; Michx. 

 Fl. i. 308; DC. 1. c. 383; Kegel, Garteufl. xiii. 200, t. 443. A. monogyna, Walt. Car. 151. 

 Macrotrtjs actKoides, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352, & in Desv. Jour. Bot. ii. (1809) 170. 



