Crossosoma. MAGNOLIACE^. 57 



ground, nearly throughout California and adjacent Nevada, rare in W. Utah and W. Idaho, 

 north to Vancouver ; fl. early spring or summer according to situation, which ranges from 

 the sea level to the confines of summer snow ; first coll. by Douglas. 



22. CROSSOSOMA, Nutt. (Kpoo-o-oc, fringe, aCifxa, body, from the 

 fringe-like body at the bilum of the seeds.) — Much branched low shrubs, very 

 glabrous ; with grayish and bitter bark and whitish wood : leaves oblong or nar- 

 rower, entire, mucronulate, obscurely pinnately veined, alternate, subsessile, those 

 of short branchlets or spurs fascicled : flowers solitary and short-peduncled, ter- 

 minating the branchlets : petals white. — Jour. Acad. Philad. ser. 2, i. loO ; Torr. 

 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 63, t. 1 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 15 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. 

 Calif, i. 13. 



C. Calif ornicum, Nutt. 1. c. Shrub 3 to 15 feet high ; stem becoming several inches in 

 thickness : leaves 1 to 3 inches long, seldom much fascicled : flowers large : petals orbicular, 

 over half inch long, white : anthers elongated-oblong : follicles half to three fourths inch 

 long, 20-25-seeded ; seeds with smooth and shining coat, falling out after dehiscence in a 

 connected row, being held together by the entangling threads of the arillus. — Torr. 1. c. as 

 to f. 1-4 ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 112 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Island of Santa Catalina off 

 S. Calif. ; first coU. by Gambel. (Guadalupe Island, Palmer.) 



C. Bigelovii, Watson. Shrub 3 to 5 feet high, slenderly and often intricately branched : 

 leaves largely fascicled on spur-like branchlets, a fourth to half inch long : flower fully half 

 smaller : petals oval, becoming spatulate-oblong, white or purplish : stamens fewer : anthers 

 short-oblong : follicles seldom over quarter inch long or more than 2 or 3, hardly stipitate, 

 10-12-seeded ; seeds with duU coat (none seen with embryo formed). — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 

 122, & Bot. Calif, ii. 428. ^ C. Californicum, Torr. 1. c. mainly, i. e. as to pi. Bigelow. — 

 Eocky ravines, S. E. California and Arizona to Bill Williams Mountain (where first coll. by 

 Bigelow), Palmer, Parry & Lemmon, W. G. Wright, G. R. Vasey. 



Order II. MAGNOLIACE^. 



By a. Gray. 



Trees or shrubs, with aromatic and bitter bark, simple mainly entire alternate 

 and pinnately-veined leaves, which are commonly minutely pellucid-dotted ; all 

 the parts of the flower distinct and free (hypogynous) except the carpels when 

 numerous and spirally imbricated on a prolonged receptacle may cohere into a 

 mass ; polyandrous, with one exception ; deciduous sepals and petals imbricated 

 and disposed to be in whorls of three, with at least two series of the latter. 

 Anthers adnate. Stigma usually introrse and occupying most or whole length of 

 the ventral edge of the style. Ovules in all ours solitary or a pair, anatropous. 

 Seeds with a minute embryo in fleshy albumen, not arillate. Stipules commonly 

 present but deciduous. — Three very distinct tribes, which may be taken as sub- 

 orders and have been regarded as orders. The first is the most anomalous of 

 the order. 



1 Add syn. ? C. parviflora, Robinson & Fernald (Proc. Am, Acad. xxx. 114), an imperfectly knovra 

 species with more elongated branches, scattereil leaves, and smaller flower.s, first collected in the 

 Grand Canon of the Colorado by Dr. Gray, and later in Sonora by C. V. Hartmati. In the absence 

 of better material it is doubtfully distinct from C. Bigelovii, which in its turn is believed by some to 

 intergrade with C. Californicum; see Vaslit, Zoe, i. 27. 



