58 MAGNOLIACE^. Sckizandra. 



Tribe I. SCHIZANDRE^. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, often 5-merous. 

 Carpels baccate, spicate or capitate. More or less climbing shrubs, hardly aromatic : 

 no stipules. 



1. SCHIZANDRA. Flowers mouoecious, small. Sepals aud petals together 9 to 12 with 

 gradual passage, more commonly 5 of eacli with quiucuncial testivatiou. Male flowers with 

 5 to 15 mouadelphous stamens : auther-cells bordering the connective. Female flowers with 

 a head of 2-ovulate carpels, whicli in fruit become berries and sparsely spicate on the then 

 elongated and filiform receptacle. Seed reniform, with crustaceous coat. 



Tribe II. WINTEREiE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Carpels in a simple whorl, or 

 only one. Erect trees or shrubs, highly spicy-aromatic, with evergreen leaves aud 

 no stipules. 



2. ILLICIUM. Sepals 3 to 6, membranaceous, caducous. Petals 9 to 30. Stamens 6 (or 

 even 5) to 40 : anthers with oblong and contiguous introrse cells, nearly as long as the thick 

 filaments. Carpels 6 to 18 in a whorl around a short column, oue-ovuled, with subulate 

 iutrorselj' stigmatose style ; in fruit drupaceous but at length dry and woody crustaceous 

 follicles, stellately spreading, in age 2-valved. Seed-coat crustaceous. 



Tribe III. MAGNOLIE^E. Flowers hermaphrodite, polyandrous and polygamous ; 

 the envelopes 3-merous in at least three series. Carpels imbricated in a spike or 

 head on a prolongation of the receptacle. Trees or shrubs, with conspicuous mem- 

 branaceous stipules, serving as bud-scales and early deciduous, the leaves condupli- 

 cate in the bud : flowers terminal, large, solitary. 



3. MAGNOLIA. Sepals 3. Petals 6 to 12. Anthers much longer than the filaments, 

 introrse. Gynophore little or not at all stipitate. Carpels ovate, more or less coherent in a 

 mass, fleshy, in fruit coriaceous-baccate, but at length dry and somewhat woody, dorsally 

 dehiscent. Styles short, recurving, intorsely stigmatose. Ovules and seeds a pair, the latter 

 drupaceous (the outer part of the thick seed-coat becoming baccate and the inner l)ony) : 

 fuuiculus very short, filled with spiral ducts, by the extended threads of which the seeds 

 when detached are for a time suspended. Stipules mostly connate and adnate to petiole, 

 caducous. 



4. LIRIODENDRON. Sepals 3, deflexed. Petals 6, broad, erect, forming a bell-shaped 

 corolla. Anthers hardly longer than the filiform filaments, extrorse. Gynophore sessile. 

 Carpels numerous and closely imbricated over the prolonged and very slender receptacle, the 

 dilated free apex tipped Avith a linear introrse stigma ; in fruit dry, indehiscent, falling at 

 maturity from the bodkin-shaped receptacle, samara-like, the small fertile portion at base 

 carinate, produced above into an elongated oblong wing. Ovules and sometimes seeds a 

 pair : seed-coat thin and dry. Stipules distinct and free from petiole. 



1. SCHIZANDE-A, Michx. (Sxt^w, to cut, dv7/p, used for anther, alluding 

 to the cleft androecium.) — Twining shrubs (of Atlantic U. S. and Asia), with 

 mucilaginous and bitterish juice, deciduous ovate leaves, and solitary small flowers 

 on slender peduncles from the earliest axils of the annual shoot: fl. spring. — Fl. 

 ii. 218, t. 47 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 19. Schizandra & Sphcerostemma (Blume) 

 of authors. — Single American species. 



5. COCcinea, Michx. 1. c. 219, t. 47. Leaves slender-petioled, ovate, sometimes obscurely 

 and sparingly denticulate : flowers half inch or less in diameter, crimson-purplish : stamens 

 5, mouadelphous in a simple peltate 5-lol)ed disk, the ten anther-cells widely separated on 

 the margins of the very broad lobes or coimectives : gynoccium ovate in flower, the carpels 

 then imln'icated on the sliort receptacle, ventrally stigmatic from the subulate tip down to 

 the insertion of the ovules ; in fruit the scarlet berries sparse on a lengthened pendulous 

 receptacle of 2 or 3 inches in length. — Poir. in Lam. 111. t. 995 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1413 ; 

 Barton, Fl. N. Am. i. 45, t. 13; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 58, t. 22. — Low woods, S. Carolina to 

 E. Texas; fl. early summer. 



2. ILLif CIUM, L. Star Anise. {lllicium means an allurement.) — 

 Shrubs or small trees (Chino-Japanese and Himalayan, except the following), 



