Menispermum. MENISPERMACE^. 65 



1. COCCULUS. Sepals, petals, and stamens each 6, and anteposed, being in successive 

 regularly alternate threes. luuer sepals larger than tlie outer, also larger than the petals, 

 which iu male flowers are partly involute at base around oue of the short filaments. Stamens 

 of female flowers 6 flattened sterile filaments. Carpels 3 to 6, sessile on the common recep- 

 tacle ; styles short and subulate, recurved, veutrally stigmatose. 



2. MENISPERMUM. Sepals 4 to 8. Petals 6 to 8 or 10, shorter. Male flowers with 12 

 to 24 stamens : fllanieuts filiform. Female flowers with a short abortive stamen before each 

 jjetal, and 2 to 4 carpels on the summit of a short gynophore : stigmas broad, sessile or 

 nearly so. 



* * Divisions of floral envelopes fewer, all alike : anthers adnata, introrse, simply 2-celled : 

 stigma remaining apical : drupe when dry and seed meniscoidal : cotyledons broad and 

 thin, laterally divergent. 



3. CALYCOCARPUM. Sepals 6 in two series, similar, petaloid, oblong-obovate. Petals 

 wanting. Stamens in male flowers 12, with filaments flattened and somewhat dilated 

 upward ; in the female flowers a short abortive stamen before each sepal. Carpels 3, sessile : 

 ovary fusiform : stigma sessile, peltate, laciniately multifid. Drupe globular, with thin pulp 

 on a thin crustaceous putamen, which is broadly and deeply excavated or intruded veutrally, 

 forming an acetabuliform or bowl-shaped cavity, the transverse and also longitudinal section 

 meniscoidal. Embryo also meniscoidal, in the thin albumen ; the broad and thin cotyledons 

 separate. 



1. COCCULUS, DC. (Diminutive of kokkos, a berry, applied by Bauhin 



to the Gocculus Indicus of commerce.) — Mainly Asiatic and African species ; 



ours slender-stemmed and low-twining, variable-leaved. — Syst. i. 515, in part; 



Gray, Gen. 111. i. 71, t. 28; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 36. 



C. Carolinus, DC. Tomentulose : leaves long-petioled, ovate or cordate and entire, or some 

 hastately 3-lobed or even sinuately 5-lobed, thinuish, glabrate or glabrous above : flowers 

 greenish, in either short or lengthened racemiform panicles: fruit red, 3 lines in diameter. — 

 Syst. i. 524; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 47; Gray, 1. c. 72, t. 28; Baill. Hist. PI. iii. 2, f. 2-4; 

 Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. 253. Cissampelos smilacina, L. Spec. ii. 1032, on Catesb. Car. i. t. 51. 

 ]\[enispermum Carolinum, L. Spec. i. 340. 71/. Carolinianum, Hill, Veg. Syst. xvi. t. 27, f. 1 ; 

 Walt. Car. 248. Baumgartia scandens, Moeuch, Meth. 650. Androphylax scandens, Wendl. 

 Bot. Beobacht. 38. Wendlandia popullfoliu, Willd. Spec. ii. 275 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 252. W. Caro- 

 liniana, Nutt. Gen. i. 241. Cocciiltdium populifolium, Spach, Hist. Veg. viii. 17.^ Var. hede- 

 racecefolius, Miers, 1. c. {Menispermum Virghiicum, L. 1. c, founded on Dill. Elth. 223, 1. 178), 

 is no more than a form with a few of the leaves sinuately 5-lobed. C. sagitta'/olius, Miers, 



1. c. 255, from San Felipe, Texas, Drummond, must be another form, with more hastate foli- 

 age. — Biver-bauks, Virginia and S. Illinois to Florida and Texas; fl. summer. 



C. diversifolius, DC. Puberulent and glabrate : flowering stems filiform : leaves short- 

 petioled, small, chartaceous, lucid, varying from linear and lanceolate (with ribs parallel) to 

 ovate or cordate and sometimes 3-lobed : flowers greenish yellow : fruit apparently purple. — 

 Hemsl. Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot. i. 21; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 318. C. diversifolius & 

 C.oblongifoliKs, DC. Syst. i. 523, 529, & Caiques des Dess. t. 10, 11. — Southern borders of 

 Texas, on the Bio Grande, Palmer, Havard, and S. Arizona, Pringle ; fl. May. (Mex.) 



2. MENISPERMUM, Tourn. ^Moonseed. (Mrjvr), moon, a-Trepfxa, 

 seed.) — Partly herbaceous twiners, but woody and persistent below ; with mem- 

 branaceous slender-petioled leaves angulately 5-7-lobed and peltate near the 

 base ; the flowers in small and loose slender-pedunculate panicles, mostly shorter 

 than the petioles, greenish or whitish, the stamens bright white ; fl. in summer. — 

 Mem. Acad. Par. 1705, 237; L. Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. ed. 2, 362, in part; 

 Lam. 111. t. 824 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 73, t. 29 ; Maxim. Diag. PI. Nov. Asiat. v. 

 647, t. 2. Consists of the following species and one of E. Asia. 



1 Add syn. Ce.batha Carolina, Britton, Mem. Ton-. Club, v. 162. 



