66 MENISPERMACE^. Menispermum. 



M. Canadense, L. Somewhat pubescent wlieu yoiuig, glabrate : leaves peltate close to the 

 broadly dilated subcordate base : petals only half the length of tlie iuuer sepals, flattish, 

 much shorter thau the 10 to 20 stamens of tlie male flowers : abortive stameus of the female 

 flowers oue before each petal aud of its length : stigmas obovate or reuiform, sessile : fruit 

 ripeuiug late in autumn, resembling small grapes, blue-black with a copious bloom. — Spec. 

 i. 340 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 241 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1910 ; Schk. Haudb. t. .337 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 i. 48; Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. 115, t. 110. M. angulatum, Moench, Meth. 277. 3J. smilacinum, 

 DC. Syst. 541. Cissampelos smilacina, Jacq. Ic. Ear. iii. t. 629, not L. — Alluvial ground, 

 along streams ; Canada to Minnesota and Winnipeg, south to Georgia and Alabama in the 

 upper districts. 



3. CALYCOCAllPUM, Nutt. (KaXu|, a cup or shell, KapTro's, fruit, the 



dry shell of the drupe with a cup-like hollow ou one side.) — Nutt. in Torr. & 



Gray, Fl. i. 48 (§ of 3hnispermum) ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 75, t. 30, & Man. ed. 5, 



52; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 35 ; Miers, 1. c. 24, t. 89. — Single species. 



C* Lyoni, Gray.i Climbing extensively, sparsely hirsute when young: leaves ample 

 aud long-petioled, membranaceous, open-cordate at base, not peltate, deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes 

 ovate and acuminate : panicles of small white flowers, loose and slender, male much elon- 

 gated : drupe nearly inch long, black when ripe, globose when fi-esh, with ventral face at 

 length flattened, and when the dried epicarp breaks a^yay disclosing the deep cfivity of the 

 putamen, its border then more or less denticulate-crested. — Geu. 111. i. 76, t. 30; Chapm. 

 Fl. 16; Baill. Hist. PL iii. 13, 39. Menispermum Lijoni, Pursh, Fl. ii. 371 ; DC. Syst. i. 

 541 ; Torr. & Gray, I. c. — Moist woods, in alluvial soil, Kentucky and S. Illinois to Missouri, 

 and south to Florida aud Texas ; fl. late spring and summer. 



Ordek v. BERBERIDACE^. 



By a. Gray ; the genus Vancouveria revised by B. L. Robinson. 



Shrubs or herbs with colorless juice but yellow wood and bark in Berheris ; 

 leaves commonly with stipular dilated and marginal bases to the petioles or ob- 

 viously stipulate ; symmetrical and hermajDhrodite hypogynous flowers, with 

 imbricate {estivation, and parts all distinct and 3-merous (rarely 2- or 4-merous) ; 

 sepals, petals, stamens, and sometimes bractlets in two series of each (or occa- 

 sionally more), that is, taken as wholes regularly anteposed throughout ; anthers 

 opening by ujilifted valves ; carpel normally only one ; seeds anatropous, with a 

 straight or straightish embryo in fleshy or horny albumen. Parts of flower 

 deciduous. Podophyllum and Achlys are anomalous exceptions, as seen below. 

 The LardizabalecB are an order between this and the Bfenispermacece. 



* Shrubs, with compound but often uuifoliolate (and seemingly simple) alternate leaves. 



1. BERBERIS. Sepals 6 (besides 2 or 3 bracts), somewhat petaloid. Petals 6, concave and 

 ascending or erect, 2-glandular next the base within. Stamens 6, short. Stigma peltate 

 and umbilicate. Ovules few, ascending from base of the cell. Fruit a berry, sometimes 

 dry. Seeds with crustaceous coat. 



* * Perennial herbs, with deciduous ovary and mostly a single pair of ovules from base of 

 the cell ; these becoming naked drupaceous seeds : leaves ternately decompound. 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM. Sepals 6, usually with 3 or 4 bractlets underneath. Petals 6, 

 much shorter, nectariferous, flabelliform aud fleshy, short-unguiculate. Stamens 6, short. 



1 Dr. Gray in his maimscript (as in the 5th edition of Manual) ascribes this species to Nuttali. 

 The combination C. Lyoni, however, was first made in Gray's Gen. III. i. 76, where there is no refer- 

 ence to Nuttali. The species must accordingly stand as Dr. Gray's. 



