70 BERBERIDACE^. Berheris. 



numerously but ratlier weakly spiuulose-deutate ; lowest pair distant from base of petiole. — 

 Bot. Reg. t. 1176, & Journ.Hort. Soc. v. 17; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1847; Brew. & Wats- 

 Bot. Calif, i. 14. B. nervosa, Pursh, Fl. t. 5, as to flowers only. B. pinnata, Muhl. Cat. 36. 

 B. Aquifolium, Pursh, 1. c. 219, mainly as to descr. ; also Plook. 1. c. 29 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 as to glaucous form ; Gray, PI. Feudl. 5, &c. B. Aquifolium, var. repens, Torr. & Gray, 

 Pacif. K. Bep. iv. 63, &c.i Mahonia Aquifolium, Nutt. Gen. i. 212, & Jour. Acad. Philad. 

 vii. 11. — Rocky Mountains and Brit. Columbia from lat. 55° to northern part of Sierra 

 Nevada of California and to New Mexico, eastward to Wyoming.'^ 



* * * Leaves piunately 13-1 7-foliolate: bud-scales large, coriaceo-glumaceous and persist- 

 ent : racemes few from the bud or solitary, erect, elongated : filaments toothless ; berries 

 black or dark purple witli a copious bloom. 



B. nervosa, Puksh. Simple stems rising only a few inches above ground: leaves elongated, 

 often a foot or more long, with conspicuously nodose articulations : leaflets glaucescent, 

 thick-coriaceous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat nervose-veiny, spinulo.se-dentate ; lowest 

 pair above base of petiole : scales of the strong terminal bud about inch long, lanceolate 

 from a broad base and cuspidate-attenuate, striolate : pedicels shorter than the globose juicy 

 berries. — Fl. i. 219, t. 5, excl. flowering portion ; Hook. 1. c. ; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, 

 t. 171 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 51 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3949. B. glumacea, Spreug. Syst. ii. 120; 

 Lindl. 1. c. t. 1426; Lodd. 1. c. 1. 1701. Mahonia nervosa (Nutt. Gen. i. 212), & M. glumacea, 

 DC. Syst. ii. 20,21. — In woods, Oregon, Washington, and Brit. Columbia; fl. early spring, 

 fr. May, June. 



2. CAULOPH"^LLUM, Miclix. Blue Cohosh. (KarXos, stem, c^uAXov, 

 leaf, the stem seeming like a stalk to the large compound leaf.) — Fl. i. 204, 

 t. 21 ; Benth. «fe Hook. Gen. i. 43. — Single species. 



C. thalictroides, Michx. 1. c. 205. Glaucescent herb, with simple stems a foot or two high 

 from a thickened knotty rootstock, naked below, bearing toward the top a sessile 3-ternate 

 leaf, the primary petiolules of whicli are as thick as the continuation of the stem and en- 

 larged at the common insertion ; above commonly a second and smaller 2-ternate, and even ■ 

 a third small and less compound leaf ; leaflets cuueate-obovate or o])loug, very A'einy, ter- 

 minal 3-lobed at summit and the lateral 2-lobed, and sometimes incised : flowers in small 

 and loose terminal and axillary cymose clusters or panicles, yellowish green and lurid 

 purplish, small : ovary bursting and falling away as the seeds form ; the latter as large as 

 peas, berry-like, blue with a bloom. — Pursh, Fl. i. 218; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 97, f. 19; Gray, 

 Man. ed. 5, 53. Leontice thalictroides, L. Spec. i. 312 ; R. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 145, t. 7 ; 

 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1473 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 52 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 82, t. 32.3 Actcea hrachy- 

 petala, var. cierulea, DC. Syst. i. 385. — Woods in rich soil. New Brunswick and Canada as 

 far as the Great Lakes,* south to Missouri, Kentucky, and mountains of Carolina ; fl. spring, 

 fr. autumn. (Japan & Amur.) 



3. ACHLYS, DC. ('AxXv's, the goddess of obscurity, says DC.) — Syst. 



ii. 35; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 30, t. 12; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 376; Baill. 



Hist. PI. iii. 60, 75. — Consists of the following species and one in Jaj^an very 



like it. 



A. triph^Ua, DC. 1. c Herb with filiform creeping rootstocks, terminated by a strong and 

 scaly winter bud, whence proceed in spring one ov two long petioles bearing on the apex 



3 ample flabelliform and sinuate-dentate leaflets ; also a leafless scape terminated by a slender 



at all sarmeutose. The material of this form in eastern collections is imfortunately limited and 

 fragmentary. 



1 Add syn. B. Nutkana, Kearney, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xiv. 29. One of Lewis's original speci- 

 mens from the Columbia River and now in tlie herbarium of the Pliiladeli^hia Acad. Nat. Sci. has 

 certainly the lucid acute leaflets of B. Aquifolium- as ordinarily interpreted. 



2 A round-leaved form fi'oni Belleniout, Nebraska, has been collected by Webber. 



8 Foerste, Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. 139, wliere some formal variations are indicated; Lloyd Bros. 

 Am. Drugs & Med. ii. 141-162. 



4 Westward to Cass Co., Nebraska, ace. to Swezey, Bull. Torr. Club, xix. 94. 



