CRUCIFER^. . 99 



petals ; filaments sometimes dilated or toothed below ; anthers 2(-l)-celled, 

 longitudinally dehiscent, commonly innate, entire or sagittate at the base, rarely 

 contorted or spirally coiled. Honey glands always j)i'esent upon the receptacle, 

 distinct or more or less confluent in lateral pairs flanking the shorter stamens, 

 or less frequently also between the bases of the longer pairs of stamens. Carpels 

 2, lateral, united ; ovary superior, 2-celled (rarely unicellular, or by the intrusion 

 of false transverse partitions several-celled in Raphanus) ; cells collateral or in 

 one tribe ( CahUinecE) sujierposed, 1-many-seeded ; placentai parietal or rarely 

 basal ; style simple, elongated, short, or undeveloped, often persistent ; stigma 

 terminal, regular and circular in outline or more or less distinctly 2-lobed ; the 

 lobes being either lateral or median : ovules horizontal or pendulous or rarely 

 (when solitary in indehiscent cells) erect, campylotropous or amphitropous. Fruit 

 capsular, 2-valved, or rarely indehiscent, either elongated (silique) or relatively 

 short and broad (silicel), terete, prismatic, or more or less strongly compressed, 

 either laterally and i^arallel to or obcomjjressed contrary to the partition, some- 

 times inflated or wing-margined ; seeds exalbuminous ; the outer coat often 

 becoming mucilaginous when moistened ; embryo with rare exceptions curved ; 

 cotyledons flat, entire or rarely lobed, lying either with the surface against the 

 mostly ascending radicle (incumbent, in cross-section thus, cQ} ), or with one 

 edge toward the radicle (accumbent, in cross-section thus, oQ), or less frequently 

 longitudinally plicate and partially enveloping the radicle (conduplicate, in 

 cross-section thus, (g) ), or Anally (in certain foreign genera) spirally coiled. — 

 A large order, represented in almost every part of the earth, but preferring tem- 

 perate and subarctic regions. Plants of considerable constancy of floral character 

 but with much variability in fruit, economically important as furnishing a number 

 of vegetables (cabbage, turnip, cauliflower, Brussels-sprouts, radish, &c.), salad 

 plants (water-cress, garden-cress), and condiments (mustard, horse-radish). 



Tribe I. ALYSSIXE^E. Fruit short, orbicular, elliptical, or short-oblong, rarely 

 more elongated, lanceolate or linear (some species of Drabd), always more or less 

 compressed parallel to the partition, 2-celled, dehiscent, 2-many-seeded, or rarely 

 (in Athysanus and certain species of Draba) indehiscent or nearly so, or through the 

 obliteration of the partition l-celled, 1-seeded (Alhi/aainis). Valves flat or moder- 

 ately convex. Cotyledons accumbent, very rarely (in Drahn) incumbent. Pubes- 

 cence altogether or in great part branched, only in the genus Thysanocarpus quite 

 simple. 



* Fruit oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, i-arely linear, 2-celled, dehiscent (sometimes very 

 tardily so), 2-severalseeded : stamens unappendaged. 



1. DRABA. Sepals short and broad, obtuse, equal at the base. T'etals commonly obovate, 

 entire or rather deeply bifid. Style short or slender and somewhat elongated ; stigma simple 

 or very slightly lobed. Septum thin, membranaceous. Seeds biseriate, neither margined 

 nor winged. Cotyledons accumbent or rarely incumbent. Pubescence branched. 



* * Fruit orbicular, indehiscent, l-celled, 1-seeded. 



2. ATHYSANUS. Flowers minute. Sepals ovate, rounded, equal at the base, spreading. 

 Petals minute, linear, or wanting. Stamens 6, .subequal ; filaments slender ; anthers short 

 Stigma small, sessile. Ovules 3 or 4, only one maturing. Fi'uit wingless. Pubescence 

 branched ; the hairs on the fruit usualh' uncinate. 



